Skip to main content

Mixing Processes in the North Sea and Aspects of Their Modelling

  • Conference paper
North Sea Dynamics

Abstract

Mixing in the sea is the net effect of many different physical processes influencing the distribution of properties including heat, salt, nutrients, suspended matter, and pollutants. The mixing is related to the field of motion and the energy transfer in the water column. It is customary to separate advection and mixing. Advection transfers water with a given property, thereby causing a change in the distribution of the property, and is governed by the large scale part of the motion. Mixing is generated by the relatively small scale random part of the motion which gives rise to a local exchange of a given property without causing any net transport of water. The combined effect of advection and mixing is often called dispersion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen JS (1980) Models of wind-driven currents on the continental shelf. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 12: 389–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden KF (1965) Horizontal mixing in the sea due to a shearing current. J Fluid Mech 21: 83–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buch E (1980) On entrainment and vertical mixing in stably stratified fjords. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 12: 461–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Csanady GT (1977) The coastal jet conceptual model in the dynamics of shallow seas. In: Goldberg, McCave, O’Brien, Steele (eds) The Sea 6. Wiley & Sons, New York, p 117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies AM (1977) Three-dimensional model with depth-varying eddy viscosity, In: Nihoul JCJ (ed) Bottom Turbulence, Proc of 8th Internat Liège Colloq. Elsevier Oceanogr Ser 19, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies AM (1978) The role of 2D and 3D models in “JONSDAP 76”. Proc 16th Intern Conf Coastal Engl, Hamburg 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman VW (1902) Om jordrotationens inverkan på vindstrømmar i hafvet. Nyt Mag Naturvidenskab B 40, Kristiania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans GT (1977) A two layer shear diffusion model. Deep-Sea Res 24: 931–936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans GT, Steele JH, Kullenberg G (1977) A preliminary model of shear diffusion and plankton populations. Scot Fish Res Rep 9: 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen TG, Kullenberg G (1981) On the efficiency of the wind to generate vertical mixing. Geophys 17: 47–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph J, Sendner H (1958) Über die horizontale Diffusion im Meere. Dtsch Hydrogr Z 11: 49–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kautsky H, Murray CN (1982) Artificial radioactivity in the North Sea. At Energy Rev, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus EB (1977) Modelling and prediction of the upper layers of the ocean. Perg Mar Ser 1: 323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1971) Vertical diffusion in shallow waters. Tellus 23: 129–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1972) Apparent horizontal diffusion in stratified vertical shear flow. Tellus 24: 17–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1974) An experimental and theoretical investigation of the turbulent diffusion in the upper layer of the sea. Inst Phys Oceanogr, Univ Copenhagen 25: 212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1976) On vertical mixing and the energy transfer from the wind to the water. Tellus 28: 159–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1977a) Entrainment velocity in natural stratified vertical shear flow. Estuarine Coastal Mar Sci 5: 329–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1977b) Observations of the mixing in the Baltic thermo-and halocline layers. Tellus 29: 572–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullenberg G (1978) Vertical processes and the vertical-horizontal coupling. In: Steele JH (ed) Spatial pattern in plankton communities. Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kundu PK (1980) A numerical investigation of mixed-layer dynamics. J Phys Oceanogr 10: 220–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monin AS, Yaglom AM (1971) Statistical fluid mechanics. MIT Press, p 769.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nihoul JCJ (1974) Mathematical models of continental seas. Dynamic processes in the Southern Bight, by Math Modelsea. Intern Council Explor Sea 1: 454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okubo A (1967) The effect of shear in an oscillatory current on horizontal diffusion from an instantaneous source. Int J Oceanol Limnol 1: 194–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okubo A (1971) Oceanic diffusion diagrams. Deep-Sea Res 18(8): 789–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okubo A (1974) Some speculations on oceanic diffusion diagrams. Rapp Procés-Verbaux. Reun Cons Int Explor Mer 167: 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okubo A, Ozmidov RV (1970) Empirical dependence of the coefficient of horizontal turbulent diffusion in the ocean on the scale of the phenomenon in question. Izv Atm Ocean Phys 6: 534–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozmidov RV (1965) On the turbulent exchange in stably stratified ocean. Izv Atm Ocean Phys Ser 1: 493–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen FlB (1980) A monograph on turbulent entrainment and friction in two-layer stratified flow. Inst Hydrodyn Hydraulic Eng Tech Univ of Denmark, 25: 397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingree RD, Griffiths KS (1978) Tidal fronts on the shelf seas around the British Isles. J Geophys Res 83: 4615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree RD, Holligan RM, Mordeil GT (1978) The effects of vertical stability on phytoplankton distributions in the summer on the northwest European shelf. Deep-Sea Res 25: 1911–1928.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price JE, Mooers CNK, Van Leer JC (1978) Observation and simulation of storm induced mixed-layer deepening. J Phys Oceanogr 8: 582–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchart DW, Okubo A, Carter HH (1966) Observations and theory of eddy movement and diffusion of an introduced tracer material in the surface layers of the sea. Disposal of radioactive wastes into seas, oceans, and surface waters. IAEA Vienna: 397–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richman J, Garrett C (1977) The transfer of energy and momentum to the surface mixed layers. J Phys Oceanogr 7: 876–881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson JH, Allen CM, Morris NCG (1978) Fronts on the continental shelf. J Geophys Res 83: 4607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson JH, Hunter JR (1974) Fronts in the Irish Sea. Nature 250: 404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart RW (1959) The problem of diffusion in stratified fluid. Adv Geophys 6: 303–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stigebrandt A (1980) A note on dynamics of small-scale fronts. Geophys Astrophys Fluid Dynamics 16: 225–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot JW, Talbot GH (1974) Diffusion in shallow seas and in English coastal and estuarine waters. Rapp Proces-Verbaux Reun Cons Int Exlor Mer 167: 93–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennekes H (1973) The logarithmic wind profile. J Atm Sci 30: 234–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner JS (1973) Buoyancy effects in fluids. Cambridge University Press, p 366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walin G (1972) On the hydrographic response to transient meteorological disturbance. Tellus 24: 169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weidemann H The ICES diffusion experiment RHENO 1965. Rapp Procès-Verbaux Réunions 163: 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimbush M, Munk W (1971) The benthic boundary layer. In: Maxwell A (ed) The Sea 4. McGraw-Hill, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods JD (1974) Diffusion due to fronts in the rotation sub-range of turbulence in the seasonal thermocline. La Houille Blanche 7/8: 589–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kullenberg, G. (1983). Mixing Processes in the North Sea and Aspects of Their Modelling. In: Sündermann, J., Lenz, W. (eds) North Sea Dynamics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68838-6_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68838-6_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68840-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68838-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics