Abstract
Biological substances in the environment have profound effects upon the growth and reproduction of many plants. A variety of lower plants release substances or pheromones into the environment which alter the development or behavior of other closely related plants. With many algae, fungi, and ferns, these pheromones may play an essential role in regulating sexual differentiation and maturation, act as sex attractants, or modify asexual or vegetative development. Since these regulatory substances are small molecules and are active at low concentrations, they are hormones in the broadest sense and constitute a significant part of the environment influencing plant growth and development.
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Bilderback, D.E. (1985). Regulators of Plant Reproduction, Growth and Differentiation in the Environment. In: Pharis, R.P., Reid, D.M. (eds) Hormonal Regulation of Development III. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67734-2_19
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