Skip to main content

Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of FSG and a-C:F Low-k Materials

  • Chapter
Low Dielectric Constant Materials for IC Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics ((MICROELECTR.,volume 9))

  • 614 Accesses

Abstract

Although multilevel interconnection technology is a key to the production of high-performance ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) circuits, the shrinking design rule of ULSI circuits has recently increased the interconnection delay caused by parasitic capacitance so much that this delay has become more of a problem than the gate delay [1]. To reduce this delay, we must reduce the parasitic capacitance of the intermetal dielectrics (IMD) as well as the resistance of the wiring metals. For this reason, a great deal of effort has been spent in developing low dielectric constant (low-κ) materials that can reduce the parasitic capacitance of interconnects in ULSI circuits [2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. Bohr: IEDM Tech. Dig., 241, (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  2. W. Lee, P. Ho: Mater. Res. Soc. Bull.2219 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. S.R. Wilson, C.J. Tracy, J.L. Freeman Jr:Handbook of Multilevel Metallization for Integration Circuits(Noyes Publications, NJ, USA 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Ida, M. Yoshimura, T. Usami, A. Ohtomo, K. Shimokawa, A. Kita, M. Ino:Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers(1994) p. 59

    Google Scholar 

  5. B. Fowler, E. O’Brien: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12 (1) 441 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. T. Usami, K. Shimokawa, M. Yoshimaru. inExtended Abstracts of the International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials(Makuhari, Japan 1993), p. 161

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. Usami, K. Shimokawa, M. Yoshimaru: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 (1B), 408 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Musaka, S. Mizuno, K. Hara: inExtended Abstracts of the International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials(Makuhari, Japan 1993) p. 510

    Google Scholar 

  9. T. Fukada, T. Akahori: inExtended Abstracts of the International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials(Makuhari, Japan 1993) p. 158

    Google Scholar 

  10. N. Hayasaka, Y. Nishiyama, H. Miyajima, K. Tomioka, R. Nakata, H. Okano: inProceedings of the 15th Symposium on Dry Process(Tokyo, Japan 1993) p. 163

    Google Scholar 

  11. R.K. Laxman: Semicond. Int. (May 1995) p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  12. T. Homma: Mater. Sci. Eng. ReportsR23243 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A.E. Fering, B.C. Auman, E.R. Wonchoba: Macromolecules262779 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T.C. Nason, J.A. Moore, T.-M. Lu: Appl. Phys. Lett.601866 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S.F. Hahn, S.J. Martin, M.L. Mckelvy, D.W. Partick: Macromolecules263870 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Endo, T. Tatsumi: J. Appl. Phys.781370 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Mizuno, A. Verma, H. Tran, P. Lee, B. Nguyen: Electrochem. Soc., Spring Meeting, Ext. Abstr. 95–1, Reno, NV (1995), p. 514

    Google Scholar 

  18. W.S. Yoo, R. Swope, D. Mordo: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.36267 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. T. Homma: Thin Solid Films27828 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. Nishimoto, Y. Yuyama, N. Tokumasu, K. Maeda: inExtended Abstracts of the International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials(Osaka, Japan 1995) p. 1067

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. Kudo, R. Shinohara, S. Takeishi, N. Awaji, M. Yamada: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.351583 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. Homma, R. Yamaguchi, Y. Murao: J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 687 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Homma, R. Yamaguchi, Y. Murao: J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 3599 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Homma: J. Electrochem. Soc.143707 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. Homma: J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, 1084 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. Kitoh, M. Muroyama, M. Sasaki, M. Iwasawa, H. Kimura: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.351464 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Matsuda, M.J. Shapiro, S.V. Nguyen: inProceedings of the Ist International Dielectrics for VLSI/ULSI Multilevel Interconnection Conference (DUMIC)(Santa Clara, CA 1995) p. 22

    Google Scholar 

  28. T. Yokoyama, Y. Yamada, K. Kishimoto, T. Usami, H. Kawamoto, K. Ueno, H. Gomi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1140 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. B.K. Hwang, J.H. Choi, S.W. Lee, K. Fujihara, U.I. Chung, S.I. Lee, M.Y. Lee: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.351588 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. V.L. Shannon, M.Z. Karim: Thin Solid Films 270, 498 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Tamura, Y. Inoue, M. Satoh, H. Yoshitaka, J. Sakai: inProceedings of the 17th Symposium on Dry Process(Tokyo, Japan 1995) p. 275

    Google Scholar 

  32. S.M. Lee, M. Park, K.C. Park, J.T. Bark, J. Jang: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.351579 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Baliga: Semicond. Int. (June 1998) p. 139

    Google Scholar 

  34. R. Katsumata, H. Miyajima, Y. Nakasaki, N. Hayasaka: in Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Dry Process (Tokyo, Japan 1995) p. 269

    Google Scholar 

  35. N. Hayasaka, H. Miyajima, Y. Nakasaki, R. Katsumata: inExtended Abstracts of the International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials(Osaka, Japan 1995) p. 157

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. Lucovsky, H. Yang: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A15(3), 836 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J.A. Theil, D.V. Tsu, M.W. Watkins, S.S. Kim, G. Lucovsky: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8 (3), 1374 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. N. Lifshitz, G. Smolinsky: IEEE Electron Device Lett. 12, 140 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H. Miyajima, R. Katsumata, N. Hayasaka, H. Okano: inProceedings of 16th the Symposium on Dry Process(Tokyo, Japan 1994) p. 133

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Takeishi, H. Kudo, R. Shinohara, A. Tsukune, Y. Satoh, H. Miyazawa, H. Harada, M. Yamada: J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, 381 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. R. Swope, W.S. Yoo, J. Hsieh, S. Shuchmann, F. Nagy, H. Nijenhuis, D. Mordo: J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 2559 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. C. Kittel:Introduction to Solid State Physics5th edn. (John Wiley, New York 1976)

    Google Scholar 

  43. G. Burns:Solid State Physics(Academic, New York 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. Lucovsky, M.J. Manitini, J.K. Srivastava, E.A. Irene: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 5, 530 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S.W. Lim, Y. Shimogaki, Y. Nakano, K. Tada, H. Komiyama: J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 2531 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. A. Verma, T. Guo, B. Cohen, H. Tran, P. Lee, R. Mosely, B. Nguyen: inProceedings of VLSI Multilevel Interconnection Conference(Santa Clara, CA 1995) p. 141

    Google Scholar 

  47. W.T. Tseng, Y.T. Hsieh, C.F. Lin, M.S. Tsai, M.S. Feng: J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 1100 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. W.T. Tseng, Y.T. Hsieh, C.F. Lin: Solid State Technol. (February 1997) p. 61

    Google Scholar 

  49. S. Mizuno, A. Verma, P. Lee, B. Nguyen: Electrochem. Soc., Spring Meeting, Ext. Abstr. 95–1, Reno, NV (1995), p. 506

    Google Scholar 

  50. W.S. Yoo, R. Swope: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.35L273 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Bose, M.M. Garver, R.A. Spencer: inProceedings of VLSI Multilevel Interconnection Conference(Santa Clara, CA 1993) p. 89

    Google Scholar 

  52. S. Nguyen, G. Freeman, D. Dobuzinsky, K. Kelleher, R. Nowak, T. Sahin, D. Witty: inProceedings of VLSI Multilevel Interconnection Conference(Santa Clara, CA 1995) p. 69

    Google Scholar 

  53. P. Singer: Semicond. Int. (July 1997) p. 126

    Google Scholar 

  54. D.S. Armbrust, A.K. Stamper, L.A. Serianni, M.A. Trahan: inProceedings of the International Dielectrics for VLSI/ULSI Multilevel Interconnection Conference (DUMIC)(Santa Clara, CA 1998) p. 67

    Google Scholar 

  55. W.A. Pliskin: J. Vac. Sci. Technol.14(5), 1064 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. S.W. Lim, Y. Shimogaki, Y. Nakano, K. Tada, H. Komiyama: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.351468 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. L.Q. Qian, H.W. Fry, G. Nobinger, J.T. Pye, M.C. Schmidt, J. Cassillas: inProceedings of the 1st International Dielectrics for VLSI/ULSI Multilevel Interconnection Conference (DUMIC)(Santa Clara, CA 1995) p. 50

    Google Scholar 

  58. J.W. Coburn, H.F. Winters, J. Appl. Phys.50(5), 3189 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. S.M. Sze:Physics of Semiconductor Devices2nd edn. (John Wiley, New York 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  60. N. Hacker: Mater. Res. Soc. Bull.2233 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. H. Yasuda:Plasma Polymerization(Academic, New York, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  62. S. Takeishi, H. Kudo, R. Shinohara, M. Hoshino, S. Fukuyama, J. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamada: inProc. DUMIC Conf.(San Jose 1996) p. 71

    Google Scholar 

  63. S.J. Limb, C.B. Labelle, K.K. Gleason, D.J. Edell, E.F. Gleason: Appl. Phys. Lett.682810 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. T.W. Mountsier, D. Kumar Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.44341 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. H. Young, D.J. Tweet, Y. Ma, T. Nguyen, D.R. Evans, S.-T. Hsu: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.511233 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. A. Grill, V. Patel, S.A. Cohen, D.C. Edelstein, J.R. Paraszczak, C. Jahnes: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.443155 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. K. Endo: Mater. Res. Soc. Bull.5522 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  68. A.J. Perry, D. Vender, R.W. Boswell: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B9310 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. K. Endo, T. Tatsumi: Appl. Phys. Lett.682864 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. T.W. Mountsier, J.A. Samuels, R.S. Swope: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.511259 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. E. Tzou, Y. Wang, P.M. Jennings, D. Tribula: Abst. Mater. Res. Soc. Spring Meeting, San Francisco, 03.8, (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  72. R. d’Agostino, F. Cramarossa, F. Illuzzi: J. Appl. Phys.612754 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. M.A. Lieberman, A.J. Lichtenberg:Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing(Wiley, New York 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  74. K.P. Shamrai, V.F. Virko, H.-0. Blom, V.P. Pavlenko, V.B. Taranov, L.B. Jonsson, C. Hedlund, S. Berg: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A152864 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. K. Nishiyama, K. Suzuki, S. Nishimatsu, 0. Okada: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A41791 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. E.A. Truesdale, G. Smolinsky J Appl. Phys.506594 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. R. d’Agostino, F. Cramarossa, S. De Bendictics, G. Ferraro: J. Appl. Phys.521259 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. L.D.B. Kiss, J.-P. Nicolai, W.T. Conner, H.H. Sawin: J. Appl. Phys.713186 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Y. Nakasaki, N. Hayasaka:Ext. Abstr. 41th Spring Meet. of the Japan Society of Applied Physics and Related Societies Vol. 2 (Tokyo 1994) p. 719

    Google Scholar 

  80. A. Bubenzer, B. Dischler, G. Brandt, P. Koidl: J. Appl. Phys.544950 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Endo, K., Kishimoto, K., Matsubara, Y., Koyanagi, K. (2003). Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of FSG and a-C:F Low-k Materials. In: Ho, P.S., Leu, J.J., Lee, W.W. (eds) Low Dielectric Constant Materials for IC Applications. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55908-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55908-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63221-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55908-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics