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Drugs and Leads from the Ocean Through Biotechnology

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

The ocean’s uniqueness represents an excellent source of resources and inspiration of diverse marine natural products with novel chemical entities and leads for the development of pharmaceutical agents. During the last 10 years, interest in research and development by the scientific community in this niche have continued as evidenced from joint ventures between academics, mainly partnered with industry. Drugs of marine origin that have now been approved represent excellent and novel alternatives for the following therapies and disease treatments. For neuropathic pain, a synthetic version of omega-conotoxin, produced by the tropical marine Conus snail is already on the pharmaceutical market. The ecteinascidins (GlossaryTerm

ET-743

) are marine alkaloid, anticancer agents isolated from Ecteinascidia turbinate, a colonial tunicate found in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Sea, and are successfully used for soft tissue sarcoma and relapsed ovarian cancer. The synthetic pyrimidine nucleoside Cytarabine, was originally isolated from the Caribbean sponge Tethya crypta, and approved as a chemotherapeutic to treat different forms of leukemia (e. g., meningeal leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia). From this marine sponge, also the synthetic purine nucleoside analog, Vidarabine, was developed as an antiviral drug against the herpes simplex virus and the varicella-zoster virus for the treatment of epithelial keratitis, viz, ophthalmic applications. In 2012, squalamine was been awarded Fast Track designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (GlossaryTerm

FDA

) for the potential treatment of the wet form of macular degeneration. These successful advances have had to overcome difficulties characteristic of marine natural products to become drugs, viz, sustainable sources, structural complexity, and toxicity, the same as the marine molecules in preclinical and clinical trials. In this chapter, the current advances and modern approaches of marine natural products and respective bioactive metabolites with potential and real functions as drugs leads are succinctly reviewed and particularly exemplified. An important aspect of this chapter is the analysis of marine natural products in relation to new paradigms and particularities of other disciplines, such as genomics, combinatorial chemistry, biosynthesis, and functional foods.

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Abbreviations

ATCC:

American Type Culture Collection

Ara-A:

arabinofuranosyl adenine or adenine arabinoside

vidarabine

Ara-C:

cytarabine

CAS:

chemical abstracts service

CoA:

coenzyme A

Cytosar-U1:

Cytarabine

DMAPP:

dimethylallyl pyrophosphate

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

DXP:

1-deoxy-xylulose-5-phosphate

ET-743:

ecteinascidins

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GRAS:

generally recognized as safe

IPP:

isopentyl pyrophosphate

KF:

Kahalalide F

MVL:

mevalonate

NER:

nucleotide excision repair

NRPS:

nonribosomal peptide synthetase

NSCLC:

non-small cell lung cancer

NVSCC:

N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel

PE:

phycoerythrin

PKS:

polyketide synthase

Prialt1:

ziconotide

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

VGCC:

voltage-gated calcium channel

Vira-A1:

Vidarabine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Mexico

    José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel

  2. Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Mexico

    Eduardo Morales-Guerrero

  3. Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Departement of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE),, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

    Jorge Olmos Soto

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  1. José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel
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  2. Jorge Olmos Soto
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  3. Eduardo Morales-Guerrero
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  1. Department of Marine-Bio. Convergence Science Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Yongdang Campus, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, 608-739, Busan, Korea

    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Paniagua-Michel, J.d.J., Olmos Soto, J., Morales-Guerrero, E. (2015). Drugs and Leads from the Ocean Through Biotechnology. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_29

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