Abstract
The echinoderms have been a conspicuous marine phylum since at least the start of the Palaeozoic era. Today the phylum Echinodermata comprises roughly 5000 species described for the following classes: Crinoidea (feather stars and sea lilies), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Echinoidea (sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars) and Asteroi-dea (starfishes).
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Holland, N.D. (1984). Epidermal Cells. In: Bereiter-Hahn, J., Matoltsy, A.G., Richards, K.S. (eds) Biology of the Integument. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51593-4_41
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