Zusammenfassung
Seit vielen Jahren gehört Theophyllin zur Basismedikation der Behandlung der obstruktiven Komponente von Atemwegserkrankungen. Die weit verbreitete Anwendung dieses Medikamentes einerseits und die enge therapeutische Breite andererseits gaben die Anregung zur Entwicklung von Methoden, um die Substanz in biologischem Material nachweisen zu können. Eine Fülle von Publikationen informiert über die Pharmakokinetik von Theophyllin unter den verschiedensten Bedingungen. Theophyllin gehört zu den Medikamenten, deren Plasmaspiegelbestimmung zur Unterstützung bei der Dosisfindung herangezogen wird. Nach einmaliger intravenöser Gabe wie auch nach oraler Applikation hatte sich die Kinetik des Theophyllin unter der Annahme von linearen Prozessen beschreiben lassen. Jedoch wurden später Befunde während der therapeutischen Einstellung von Patienten erhoben, aus welchen geschlossen wurde, daß eine nicht lineare Kinetik des Theophyllin vorliegen müsse [4–7]. Die Elimination von Theophyllin wird im wesentlichen durch die Metabolisierung des Theophyllin zu den Metaboliten 1,3-Dimethylharnsäure, 1-Methylharnsäure und 3-Methylxantin bestimmt. Quantitativ spielt dabei die 1,3-Dimethylharnsäure die größte Rolle. Es wurde deshalb die Bildung und Ausscheidung dieses Hauptmetaboliten untersucht, nachdem eine HPLC-Methode entwickelt worden war, die es ermöglichte, diesen Metaboliten quantitativ zu erfassen.
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Gundert-Remy, U. et al. (1982). Klinische Pharmakologie. In: Schlegel, B. (eds) Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für innere Medizin. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für innere Medizin, vol 88. J.F. Bergmann-Verlag, Munich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47093-6_14
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