Abstract
A conspicuous feature of most plants, bacteria, and fungi is the existence of an internal hydrostatic pressure that greatly exceeds that of the environment. The hydrostatic pressure difference, i. e., the turgor pressure, is the result of water moving into a cell whose protoplast volume is restricted by an outer cell wall. The inward water movement is due to the hyperosmolality of intracellular fluids and the semipermeable nature of the outer plasma membrane. The hyperosmolality of intracellular fluids may be caused by either the active uptake of salts or the synthesis or uptake of organic solutes, or, more often, by a combination of the two. Under steady-state conditions the turgor pressure is approximately equal to the difference between the osmotic pressures of intracellular and extracellular fluids. Turgor pressures vary widely among walled cells, ranging from about 0.5 bar in some giant-celled algae to about 45 bar in guard cells of higher plants (Guillard, 1962; Rothstein, 1964; Gessner and Schramm, 1971; Cram, 1976; Raschke, 1975).
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Gutknecht, J., Hastings, D.F., Bisson, M.A. (1978). Ion Transport and Turgor Pressure Regulation in Giant Algal Cells. In: Giebisch, G. (eds) Transport Across Multi-Membrane Systems. Membrane Transport in Biology, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46364-8_5
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