Abstract
In the past 30 years, quantum dots (QDs) have developed a lot from their kinds to the various application areas. Traditional nanocrystals are usually composed of elements from groups III–V, II–VI, or IV–VI of the periodic table, such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, CdS@ZnS, CdSe@ZnS, CdSeTe@ZnS. These QDs own excellent fluorescence properties and have been widely used in biosensing and intracellular or in vivo imaging. However, the leaked cadmium ions are culprits for the observed cytotoxicity of cadmium-based QDs, which hampers their further practical applications. Later, with the demand for more biocompatible QDs as the signal reporter, cadmium-free quantum dots (CFQDs) were introduced, such as silicon QDs (Si QDs), carbon dots (C-dots), and graphene QDs (GQDs). In this chapter, the kinds of these traditional quantum dots and new emerging quantum dots as well as their preparation and functionalization are discussed in detail. Additionally, as a viable alternative to QDs, the metal nanoclusters also displayed great potentials as luminescent labels for fluorescent biosensing and bioimaging. Thus, the relevant description of metal nanoclusters is also included in this chapter.
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Zhu, JJ., Li, JJ. (2013). Quantum Dots. In: Quantum Dots for DNA Biosensing. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44910-9_2
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