Abstract
Involving domain experts in modeling is important when knowledge needs to be captured in a model and only domain experts can establish whether the models are correct. We have experienced that a natural language based representation of a model helps them to understand the semantics of a model and has advantages over a visual representation. Therefore a controlled natural language (CNL) is designed for our existing semantic reasoning tool Be Informed, which is based on conceptual graphs. The resulting CNL has a formal logical basis but the goal of the CNL representation is to improve readability for human readers. We report on the challenge to develop a CNL that 1) is easy and intuitively readable for domain experts with no background in formal logics, 2) can be easily generated from the formal representation and 3) can be easily adjusted for other natural languages and cultural preferences. The solution uses patterns to represent the CNL that map to the conceptual graph. The patterns are based on SBVR’s RuleSpeak and can be easily adjusted for local differences.
Keywords
- Controlled Natural Language
- Business Rules
- Specifications
- Knowledge Representation
- CNL Design and Evaluation
- SBVR
- RuleSpeak
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Angelov, K., Ranta, A.: Implementing Controlled Languages in GF. In: Fuchs, N.E. (ed.) CNL 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5972, pp. 82–101. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Clark, P., Murray, W.R., Harrison, P., Thompson, J.: Naturalness vs. Predictability: A Key Debate in Controlled Languages. In: Fuchs, N.E. (ed.) CNL 2009. LNCS, vol. 5972, pp. 65–81. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Eclipse Modeling Project, http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/
Funk, A., Tablan, V., Bontcheva, K., Cunningham, H., Davis, B., Handschuh, S.: CLOnE: Controlled Language for Ontology Editing. In: Aberer, K., Choi, K.-S., Noy, N., Allemang, D., Lee, K.-I., Nixon, L.J.B., Golbeck, J., Mika, P., Maynard, D., Mizoguchi, R., Schreiber, G., Cudré-Mauroux, P. (eds.) ASWC 2007 and ISWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4825, pp. 142–155. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
van Grondelle, J., Heller, R., van Haandel, E., Verburg, T.: Involving Business Users in Formal Modeling Using Natural Language Pattern Sentences. In: Cimiano, P., Pinto, H.S. (eds.) EKAW 2010. LNCS, vol. 6317, pp. 31–43. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Grönniger, H., Krahn, H., Rumpe, B., Schindler, M., Völkel, S.: Text-based Modeling. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software Language Engineering (2007)
Halpin, T.: Business Rule Verbalization. In: Proceedings of ISTA (2004)
Halpin, T., Curland, M.: Automated Verbalization for ORM 2. In: Meersman, R., Tari, Z., Herrero, P. (eds.) OTM 2006 Workshops, Part II. LNCS, vol. 4278, pp. 1181–1190. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Heller, R., van Teeseling, F., Gülpers, M.: A Knowledge Infrastructure for the Dutch Immigration Office. In: Aroyo, L., Antoniou, G., Hyvönen, E., ten Teije, A., Stuckenschmidt, H., Cabral, L., Tudorache, T. (eds.) ESWC 2010, Part II. LNCS, vol. 6089, pp. 386–390. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Jarrar, M., Keet, M., Dongilli, P.: Multilingual verbalization of ORM conceptual models and axiomatized ontologies. Technical report. STARLab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (2006)
Kaljurand, K., Fuchs, N.E.: Verbalizing OWL in Attempto Controlled English. In: Proceedings of Third International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions, Innsbruck, Austria (2007)
Kuhn, T.: AceWiki: Collaborative Ontology Management in Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Semantic Wiki Workshop. CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2008)
Molto Project: Multilingual On-Line Translation, http://www.molto-project.eu/
Monnet Project: Multilingual Ontologies for Networked Knowledge, http://www.monnet-project.eu/
Object Management Group: Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Rules (2008), http://www.omg.org/spec/SBVR/1.0
Power, R., Scott, D., Evans, R.: What you see is what you meant: direct knowledge editing with natural language feedback. In: Proceedings of the 13th Biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Brighton, UK, pp. 675-681 (1998)
Reiter, E.: NLG vs. Templates. In: Proceedings of the 5th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 95–105 (1995)
Ross, R.G.: RuleSpeak (2009), http://www.rulespeak.com
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Spreeuwenberg, S., van Grondelle, J., Heller, R., Grijzen, G. (2012). Using CNL Techniques and Pattern Sentences to Involve Domain Experts in Modeling. In: Rosner, M., Fuchs, N.E. (eds) Controlled Natural Language. CNL 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7175. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31175-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31175-8_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-31174-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-31175-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)