Skip to main content

Implementing Controlled Languages in GF

  • Conference paper
Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2009)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 5972))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

This paper introduces GF, Grammatical Framework, as a tool for implementing controlled languages. GF provides a high-level grammar formalism and a resource grammar library that make it easy to write grammars that cover similar fragments in several natural languages at the same time. Authoring help tools and automatic translation are provided for all grammars. As an example, a grammar of Attempto Controlled English is implemented and then ported to Finnish, French, German, Italian and Swedish.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hart, G., Johnson, M., Dolbear, C.: Rabbit: Developing a control natural language for authoring ontologies. In: Bechhofer, S., Hauswirth, M., Hoffmann, J., Koubarakis, M. (eds.) ESWC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5021, pp. 348–360. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. The Boeing Company: Boeing Simplified English Checker (2001), http://www.boeing.com/assocproducts/sechecker

  3. Fuchs, N.: Attempto project homepage (2008), http://attempto.ifi.uzh.ch/site/

  4. Ranta, A.: Grammatical Framework: A Type-Theoretical Grammar Formalism. Journal of Functional Programming 14(2), 145–189 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Dymetman, M., Lux, V., Ranta, A.: XML and multilingual document authoring: Convergent trends. In: COLING, Saarbrücken, Germany, pp. 243–249 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hallgren, T., Ranta, A.: An extensible proof text editor. In: Parigot, M., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1955, pp. 70–84. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Burke, D.A., Johannisson, K.: Translating Formal Software Specifications to Natural Language / A Grammar-Based Approach. In: Blache, P., Stabler, E., Busquets, J., Moot, R. (eds.) LACL 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3492, pp. 51–66. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Perera, N., Ranta, A.: Dialogue System Localization with the GF Resource Grammar Library. In: SPEECHGRAM 2007: ACL Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing, Prague, June 29 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bringert, B., Cooper, R., Ljunglöf, P., Ranta, A.: Multimodal dialogue system grammars. In: Proceedings of DIALOR 2005, Ninth Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, June 2005, pp. 53–60 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Caprotti, O.: WebALT! Deliver Mathematics Everywhere. In: Proceedings of SITE 2006, Orlando, March 20-24 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Meza Moreno, M.S., Bringert, B.: Interactive multilingual web applications with grammatical framework. In: Nordström, B., Ranta, A. (eds.) GoTAL 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5221, pp. 336–347. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Dannélls, D.: Generating Tailored Texts for Museum Exhibits. In: Proceedings of the 6th edition of LREC. The 2nd Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage (LaTeCH 2008), Marrakech, Morocco, pp. 17–20 (2008), http://spraakdata.gu.se/svedd/pub/latech08.pdf

  13. Montague, R.: Formal Philosophy. Yale University Press, New Haven (1974); Collected papers edited by Richmond Thomason

    Google Scholar 

  14. Harper, R., Honsell, F., Plotkin, G.: A Framework for Defining Logics. JACM 40(1), 143–184 (1993)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Nordström, B., Petersson, K., Smith, J.: Programming in Martin-Löf’s Type Theory. An Introduction. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1990)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Dean, M., Schreiber, G.: OWL Web Ontology Language Reference (2004), http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/

  17. Shieber, S.: An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to Grammars. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ranta, A.: Grammars as Software Libraries. In: Bertot, Y., Huet, G., Lévy, J.-J., Plotkin, G. (eds.) From Semantics to Computer Science, pp. 281–308. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ranta, A.: The GF Resource Grammar Library. Linguistic Issues in Language Technology 2 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Seki, H., Matsumura, T., Fujii, M., Kasami, T.: On multiple context-free grammars. Theoretical Computer Science 88, 191–229 (1991)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Angelov, K., Bringert, B., Ranta, A.: PGF: A Portable Run-Time Format for Type-Theoretical Grammars. Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2009) (to appear)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chiang, D.: A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine translation. In: ACL 2005: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Morristown, NJ, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 263–270 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zollmann, A., Venugopal, A., Och, F.J., Ponte, J.: A systematic comparison of phrase-based, hierarchical and syntax-augmented statistical MT. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008), August 2008, pp. 1145–1152 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Angelov, K.: Incremental parsing with parallel multiple context-free grammars. In: European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Khegai, J., Nordström, B., Ranta, A.: Multilingual Syntax Editing in GF. In: Gelbukh, A. (ed.) CICLing 2003. LNCS, vol. 2588, pp. 453–464. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Welsh, J., Broom, B., Kiong, D.: A design rationale for a language-based editor. Software–Practice and Experience 21, 923–948 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Bringert, B., Angelov, K., Ranta, A.: Grammatical Framework Web Service. In: System demo, Proceedings of EACL 2009, Athens (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Power, R., Scott, D.: Multilingual authoring using feedback texts. In: COLING-ACL (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Alshawi, H.: The Core Language Engine. MIT Press, Cambridge (1992)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Angelov, K., Ranta, A. (2010). Implementing Controlled Languages in GF. In: Fuchs, N.E. (eds) Controlled Natural Language. CNL 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5972. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14418-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14418-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14417-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14418-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics