Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Heart Rate as Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target In MODS

  • Chapter
Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011

Part of the book series: Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011 ((AUICEM,volume 1))

  • 2099 Accesses

Abstract

As early as 1945, the importance of resting heart rate as a prognostic factor was described in a retrospective analysis among the US-military, showing a higher probability of retirement from active military service with a resting heart rate of more than 100 bpm in a routine examination [1]. A high heart rate is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and total mortality in patients with coronary artery disease [2], chronic heart failure [3] and in the general population (Fig. 1) [4].

Heart rate and all cause mortality (mean and standard deviation) in men in a general population. Data from the FINRISC-study [4]

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Levy R, White P, Stroud W, Hillman C (1945) Studies of blood pressure in Army officers: 4. Transient tachycardia-prognostic significance alone and in association with transient hypertension. JAMA 129: 585–588

    Google Scholar 

  2. Diaz A, Bourassa MG, Guertin MC, Tardif JC (2005) Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 26: 967–974

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bohm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M, et al (2010) Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 376: 886–894

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cooney MT, Vartiainen E, Laakitainen T, Juolevi A, Dudina A, Graham IM (2010) Elevated resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in healthy men and women. Am Heart J 159: 612–619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wilhelmsen L, Berglund G, Elmfeldt D, et al (1986) The multifactor primary prevention trial in Goteborg, Sweden. Eur Heart J 7: 279–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jouven X, Zureik M, Desnos M, Guerot C, Ducimetiere P (2001) Resting heart rate as a predictive risk factor for sudden death in middle-aged men. Cardiovasc Res 50: 373–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gillman MW, Kannel WB, Belanger A, D’Agostino RB (1993) Influence of heart rate on mortality among persons with hypertension: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 125: 1148–1154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (1992) Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 20: 864–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al (2003) 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Intensive Care Med 29: 530–538

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pilz G, Kaab S, Kreuzer E, Werdan K (1994) Evaluation of definitions and parameters for sepsis assessment in patients after cardiac surgery. Infection 22: 8–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Opal S, Laterre PF, Abraham E, et al (2004) Recombinant human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase for treatment of severe sepsis: results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Crit Care Med 32: 332–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pilz G, Werdan K (1990) Cardiovascular parameters and scoring systems in the evaluation of response to therapy in sepsis and septic shock. Infection 18: 253–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tran DD, Groeneveld AB, van der Meulen J, Nauta JJ, Strack van Schijndel RJ, Thijs LG (1990) Age, chronic disease, sepsis, organ system failure, and mortality in a medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 18: 474–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Schmidt H, Muller-Werdan U, Hoffmann T, et al (2005) Autonomic dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of different age groups. Crit Care Med 33: 1994–2002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vincent JL, de Mendonca A, Cantraine F, et al (1998) Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: results of a multicenter, prospective study. Working group on ”sepsis-related problems” of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 26: 1793–1800

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Russell JA (2006) Management of sepsis. N Engl J Med 355: 1699–1713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction—executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 110: 588–636

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Swedberg K, Komajda M, Bohm M, et al (2010) Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 376: 875–885

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Werdan K, Schmidt H, Ebelt H, et al (2009) Impaired regulation of cardiac function in sepsis, SIRS, and MODS. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 87: 266–274

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lobo SM, Rezende E, Knibel MF, et al (2011) Early determinants of death due to multiple organ failure after noncardiac surgery in high-risk patients. Anesth Analg (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Natanson C, Alling DW, Parrillo JE (1987) Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and nonsurvivors of human septic shock: heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis. Crit Care Med 15: 923–929

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Leibovici L, Gafter-Gvili A, Paul M, et al (2007) Relative tachycardia in patients with sepsis: an independent risk factor for mortality. QJM 100: 629–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Heidland UE, Strauer BE (2001) Left ventricular muscle mass and elevated heart rate are associated with coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 104: 1477–1482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zorn-Pauly K, Pelzmann B, Lang P, et al (2007) Endotoxin impairs the human pacemaker current If. Shock 28: 655–661

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, Tendera M, Robertson M, Ferrari R (2008) Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 372: 817–821

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cucherat M (2007) Quantitative relationship between resting heart rate reduction and magnitude of clinical benefits in post-myocardial infarction: a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J 28: 3012–3019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Flannery G, Gehrig-Mills R, Billah B, Krum H (2008) Analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of magnitude of heart rate reduction on clinical outcomes in patients with systolic chronic heart failure receiving beta-blockers. Am J Cardiol 101: 865–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al (2005) ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 112: e154–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zuanetti G, Mantini L, Hernandez-Bernal F, et al (1998) Relevance of heart rate as a prognostic factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction: insights from the GISSI-2 study. Eur Heart J 19Suppl F: F19–26

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Brophy JM, Joseph L, Rouleau JL (2001) Beta-blockers in congestive heart failure. A Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 134: 550–560

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lechat P, Hulot JS, Escolano S, et al (2001) Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol benefit in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II Trial. Circulation 103: 1428–1433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Palatini P (1999) Heart rate as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality: the effect of antihypertensive drugs. Drugs 57: 713–724

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Niemela MJ, Airaksinen KE, Huikuri HV (1994) Effect of beta-blockade on heart rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 23: 1370–1377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tjeerdsma G, Szabo BM, van Wijk LM, et al (2001) Autonomic dysfunction in patients with mild heart failure and coronary artery disease and the effects of add-on beta-blockade. Eur J Heart Fail 3: 33–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chin BS, Langford NJ, Nuttall SL, Gibbs CR, Blann AD, Lip GY (2003) Anti-oxidative properties of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 5: 171–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Muller-Werdan U, Buerke M, Ebelt H, et al (2006) Septic cardiomyopathy — A not yet discovered cardiomyopathy? Exp Clin Cardiol 11: 226–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bernardin G, Strosberg AD, Bernard A, Mattei M, Marullo S (1998) Beta-adrenergic receptor-dependent and-independent stimulation of adenylate cyclase is impaired during severe sepsis in humans. Intensive Care Med 24: 1315–1322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Reithmann C, Hallstrom S, Pilz G, Kapsner T, Schlag G, Werdan K (1993) Desensitization of rat cardiomyocyte adenylyl cyclase stimulation by plasma of noradrenaline-treated patients with septic shock. Circ Shock 41: 48–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Norbury WB, Jeschke MG, Herndon DN (2007) Metabolism modulators in sepsis: propranolol. Crit Care Med 35: S616–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Herndon DN, Hart DW, Wolf SE, Chinkes DL, Wolfe RR (2001) Reversal of catabolism by beta-blockade after severe burns. N Engl J Med 345: 1223–1229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Herndon DN, Barrow RE, Rutan TC, Minifee P, Jahoor F, Wolfe RR (1988) Effect of propranolol administration on hemodynamic and metabolic responses of burned pediatric patients. Ann Surg 208: 484–492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Suzuki T, Morisaki H, Serita R, et al (2005) Infusion of the beta-adrenergic blocker esmolol attenuates myocardial dysfunction in septic rats. Crit Care Med 33: 2294–2301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hennen R, Friedrich I, Hoyer D, et al (2008) [Autonomic dysfunction and beta-adrenergic blockers in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 133: 2500–2504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Palatini P, Julius S (1997) Association of tachycardia with morbidity and mortality: pathophysiological considerations. J Hum Hypertens 11(Suppl 1): S19–27

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lewis RV, Lofthouse C (1993) Adverse reactions with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. An update. Drug Saf 9: 272–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. DiFrancesco D (2006) Funny channels in the control of cardiac rhythm and mode of action of selective blockers. Pharmacol Res 53: 399–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Joannides R, Moore N, Iacob M, et al (2006) Comparative effects of ivabradine, a selective heart rate-lowering agent, and propranolol on systemic and cardiac haemodynamics at rest and during exercise. Br J Clin Pharmacol 61: 127–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Colin P, Ghaleh B, Monnet X, Hittinger L, Berdeaux A (2004) Effect of graded heart rate reduction with ivabradine on myocardial oxygen consumption and diastolic time in exercising dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308: 236–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Jondeau G, Korewicki J, Vasiliauskas D (2004) Effect of ivabradine in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 25: 491 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Mulder P, Barbier S, Chagraoui A, et al (2004) Long-term heart rate reduction induced by the selective I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine improves left ventricular function and intrinsic myocardial structure in congestive heart failure. Circulation 109: 1674–1679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine III Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther, University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany

    S. Nuding, K. Werdan & H. Ebelt

Authors
  1. S. Nuding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Werdan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. Ebelt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Louis Vincent (Head) (Head)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nuding, S., Werdan, K., Ebelt, H. (2011). Heart Rate as Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target In MODS. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18081-1_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18081-1_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-18080-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18081-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation