Zusammenfassung
Therapeutisch werden peripher und zentral wirkende Muskelrelaxantien unterschieden. Während peripher wirkende Muskelrelaxantien klinisch vor allem zur Muskelrelaxation bei Narkose eingesetzt werden, kommen zentral wirkende Muskelrelaxantien bei der Behandlung krankhafter Tonuserhöhungen der Skelettmuskulatur zur Anwendung. Periphere Muskelrelaxantien lassen sich nach ihrem Wirkmechanismus in depolarisierende (z. B. Suxamethoniumchlorid) und nichtdepolarisierende Muskelrelaxantien (z. B. Tubocurarin, Atracurium, Rocuronium etc.) einteilen. Sie hemmen die neuromuskuläre Übertragung an der motorischen Endplatte der Skelettmuskulatur und führen so zu einer Erschlaffung der quergestreiften Muskulatur. Hinzu kommen Substanzen, die die periphere Acetylcholinfreisetzung an den präsynaptischen Nervenendigungen der motorischen Endplatte verhindern (Botulinumtoxin) oder postsynaptisch die elektromechanische Kopplung hemmen (Dantrolen).
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Günther, J. (2009). Muskelrelaxantien. In: Schwabe, U., Paffrath, D. (eds) Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2009. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01080-4_35
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