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Die mikrobiologische N2-Fixierung (Diazotrophie) in Böden und Rhizosphäre

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Mikrobiologie von Böden

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Zusammenfassung

Es war Hermann Hellriegel (1831–1895), der im Jahre 1888 die bakterielle Luftstickstoffbindung in den Wurzelknöllchen von Leguminosen entdeckte und die Bedeutung dieses Phänomens für die N-Versorgung von Pflanzen hervorhob. Fast ein Jahrhundert lang wurde die N2-Bindung zwar als ein besonderes, aber unter Prokaryoten sehr begrenzt verbreitetes Phänomen betrachtet. Heute wissen wir, dass die potenzielle Fähigkeit zur N2-Bindung (Diazotrophie) unter den Bacteria, Cyanobacteria und Archaea sehr weit verbreitet ist und keinen Sonderstatus mehr besitzt. Wahrscheinlich ist die Fähigkeit zur N2-Bindung unter den Prokaryoten bisher nur zum geringsten Teil bekannt. Fast täglich werden neue Prokaryoten mit der potenziellen Fähigkeit zur N2-Bindung entdeckt und beschrieben. Inzwischen gehört die potenzielle Fähigkeit zur N2-Bindung ebenso wie die potenzielle Denitrifikation (Kap. 12) und die potenzielle Eisenreduktion (Kap. 14) zu jenen Eigenschaften, die unter den Prokaryoten in Böden erst zum Einsatz kommen, wenn bestimmte ökologische Bedingungen erfüllt worden sind.

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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Ottow, J. (2011). Die mikrobiologische N2-Fixierung (Diazotrophie) in Böden und Rhizosphäre. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_13

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