Auszug
Diese Arbeit präsentiert einen systematischen Überblick zu Idee und Gehalten des Konzeptes der regionalen Innovationssysteme. Dieser Ansatz basiert auf Erkenntnissen aus Regionalforschung und Wirtschaftsgeographie sowie aus den Analysen nationaler Innovationssysteme. Darin werden Eigenschaften konkreter Innovationsprozesse in Unternehmen sowie in der Interaktion von Unternehmen und Forschungseinrichtungen beobachtet, die den bisherigen Wissensstand in Frage stellen. Dieser Wissensstand war oftmals von einer Wissenschaftsphilosophie und -Soziologie geprägt, welche die autobiografischen Einschätzungen berühmter Wissenschaftler recht unkritisch übernahm. Diese betonten die logische Abfolge einer Entdeckung von der Theorie zum Experiment, vom Befund zur Bestätigung und von der Wissenschaft zur Technologie. Allerdings blieben dabei viele Fragen unbeantwortet, nicht zuletzt die Frage, wie sich Prozesse des Wandels abspielen. Dies wird im ersten Hauptteil dieses Beitrags betrachtet — als Vorspann zu einer kurzen, aber höchst anschaulichen Betrachtung der spezifischen Mechanismen eines biotechnologischen Innovationssystems, das in Massachusetts angesiedelt ist. Obwohl einzelne Fallstudien eher heuristischer als wissenschaftlich definitiver Natur sind, ist dieser Fall allein ausreichend, um den bisherigen Wissensstand zu verwerfen — ganz im Sinne von Karl Poppers Bemerkungen zur Entdeckung eines schwarzen Schwans in Australien.
Das englische Original dieses Kapitels erschien unter dem Titel „Regional innovation systems, clusters and the knowledge economy“ in: Industrial and Corporate Change, Bd. 10. 2001. 945–974. Die deutsche Übersetzung besorgten Andreas Meder und Alexander Ebner.
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Cooke, P. (2009). Regionale Innovationssysteme, Cluster und die Wissensökonomie. In: Blättel-Mink, B., Ebner, A. (eds) Innovationssysteme. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91349-0_5
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