Zusammenfassung
Remittances – Geldbeträge, die Migranten an Angehörige in ihren Heimatländern schicken – haben sich zu einer wichtigen Devisenquelle in vielen Entwicklungsländern entwickelt. Die öffentliche Debatte über dieses Thema zeigt sich überaus polarisiert. Während Remittances auf politischer Ebene euphorisch als neue, auf Marktkräften basierende Entwicklungsressource einkommensschwacher Haushalte betrachtet werden, sehen sie globalisierungskritische Sozialwissenschaftler eher als Resultat fehlgeleiteter neo-liberaler Politiken. Wir argumentieren, dass die grundsätzliche Heterogenität dieses Phänomens eine fallspezifische Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Remittances und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung erfordert und den spezifischen Marktstrukturen sowie den institutionellen Besonderheiten öffentlicher und privater Akteure Rechnung getragen werden muss. In diesem Sinne konzentriert sich der vorliegende Beitrag auf den potentiellen Effekt von Remittances auf die Entwicklung des Finanzsektors und diesbezügliche Governance-Optionen. In einem interdisziplinären Ansatz, der sowohl Wirtschafts- als auch Politikwissenschaften umfasst, analysieren wir zunächst mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen Remittances und der Entwicklung des Finanzsektors. In einem zweiten Schritt beziehen wir uns auf Ansätze der Governance- Forschung, die über den Staat als Governance-Akteur hinausgehen, und stellen Governance-Initiativen vor, die auf die Überwindung von Markt -und Politikversagen ausgerichtet sind, das eine Verbindung von Remittances mit zusätzlichen Finanzdienstleistungen verhindert. Empirisch konzentrieren wir uns auf drei Remittanceabhängige lateinamerikanische Länder.
Abstract
Remittances – the money that migrants send home to their families – have turned into an important source of external finance for many developing countries. The public debate on this topic shows to be rather polarized. While at the policy level remittances are euphorically seen as a new ‘top-down’ source of development finance for the global south based on market forces, structural social scientists see it rather as an outcome of misleading neo-liberal policies. We argue that, along the tradition of migration theories, heterogeneity of the phenomenon requires case-specific analysis of the interactions between remittances and financial development. Thus, the specific market and institutional features of public and private actors beyond the market have to be taken into account. In the present paper, we focus on the potential impact of remittances on financial sector development. In an interdisciplinary approach, involving both economics and political science, we first analyse the potential links between remittances and financial sector development. In a second step, we refer to approaches of governance analysis that go beyond the sovereign state as governance actor. Subsequently, governance initiatives are presented that aim at overcoming market and policy failures which prevent the linking of remittances with additional financial services. Empirically, we focus on selected Latin American countries that depend heavily on remittance inflows.
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Fritz, B., Ambrosius, C., Stiegler, U. (2011). Arbeitsmigration als Entwicklungschance? Remittances und die Rolle des Finanzsektors im lateinamerikanischen Kontext. In: Paul, A.T., Pelfini, A., Rehbein, B. (eds) Globalisierung Süd. LEVIATHAN Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19916-0_12
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