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Selenium and Diabetes

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Selenium

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

Abstract

The relationship between selenium (Se) and diabetes remains an evolving field. Early studies were focused on antioxidant benefits of Se in diabetic animals and patients. However, the discovery of type 2 diabetes-like phenotype in the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 1 overexpression mice and the pro-diabetic potential of Se supplementation in cancer subjects have provoked both research and public interests on its role in diabetes. Limited human data indicate a Se baseline-dependent risk for diabetes associated with Se supplementations: potentiating the risk for diabetes only in subjects with high-Se status. Among the 25 selenoproteins, GPX1 exhibits dual roles in insulin synthesis, secretion, and signaling via regulation of redox homeostasis, and selenoprotein P has the counteraction effect on insulin signaling. Both GPX3 and selenoprotein S may play roles in diabetic etiology via mediating inflammation. Dysregulations of the two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident selenoproteins, selenoproteins M and T, may disturb the redox homeostasis in ER, causing ER stress and increasing the diabetes risk. Iodothyronine deiodinases catalyze the metabolism of thyroid hormones and thus may affect the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and protein in the diabetic status. Polymorphism of selenoprotein genes in humans offers clues to the association of Se/selenoproteins and diabetes risk. In conclusion, effects of Se intake on the risk of diabetes are dose and baseline dependent. While underlying mechanisms for this paradox are partly understood through animal studies on the functions of several selenoproteins, appropriate Se intakes for the general public to prevent or treat diabetes warrant future research.

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Abbreviations

AKT:

Protein kinase B

AMPK:

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

BMI:

Body mass index

BW:

Body weight

CAT:

Catalase

CI:

Confidence interval

Cys:

Cysteine

DIO:

Iodothyronine deiodinase

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FOXA2:

Forkhead box A2

FOXO1a:

Forkhead box O1a

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

FPI:

Fasting plasma insulin

G6P:

Glucose-6-phosphatase

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSIS:

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

HOMA-IR:

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

INSR:

Insulin receptor

IRS:

Insulin receptor substrate

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

MSRB1:

Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1

NCD:

Noncommunicable disease

NF-κB (NFKB1 in GenBank):

Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1

OR:

Odds ratio

PACAP:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

PDX1:

Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1

PEPCK/PCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PGC1α (PPARGC1A in GenBank):

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PPARγ (PPARG in GenBank):

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PTP1B (PTPN1 in GenBank):

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (non-receptor type 1)

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAA:

Serum amyloid A

Scly:

Selenocysteine lyase

Se:

Selenium

Sec:

Selenocysteine

SELENOM:

Selenoprotein M

SELENOP:

Selenoprotein P

SELENOS:

Selenoprotein S

SELENOT:

Selenoprotein T

SeMet:

Selenomethionine

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

T3:

3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine

T4:

3,5,3′,5′-Tetraiodothyronine

UCP:

Uncoupling protein

UTR:

Untranslated region

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Acknowledgments

Research in the authors’ laboratories was supported in part by NIH DK53018 and NSFC Projects 30628019, 30700585, 30871844, 31320103920, 81172669, 81372993, and 31270870. No conflict of interest is claimed by all the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China

    Ji-Chang Zhou

  2. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China

    Ji-Chang Zhou

  3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Jun Zhou & Kaixun Huang

  4. Department of Soil Quality and Health Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

    Liqin Su

  5. Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Xin Gen Lei

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  1. Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany

    Bernhard Michalke

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Zhou, JC., Zhou, J., Su, L., Huang, K., Lei, X.G. (2018). Selenium and Diabetes. In: Michalke, B. (eds) Selenium. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95390-8_17

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