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Sperm DNA and Pregnancy Loss After IVF and ICSI

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A Clinician's Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin Damage

Abstract

The fertilization potential of spermatozoa is canonically assessed by their concentration, motility, and morphology in the ejaculate. Though these parameters give a general account on the quality of spermatozoa, there is no definite predictive threshold with regard to pregnancy rates. Therefore, there is continuous quest for development of new tests for predicting the chance of pregnancy. Since the primary function of spermatozoon is to deliver the paternal genetic component to the oocyte for the development of foetus, there have been attempts to propose sperm DNA fragmentation tests for male reproductive capability. As transcription and translation stop post-spermiogenesis, these cells are devoid of DNA repair systems and accumulate the damage that occurred during their transit through the epididymis and post-ejaculation. To counteract the consequences, nature has bestowed oocytes and early embryos with the ability to repair sperm DNA damage. Hence, the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation depends on the sum total of sperm chromatin integrity and the capacity of the oocyte to repair it. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for inducing DNA lesions in the spermatozoa which may be enhanced by iatrogenic factors during sperm preparation for IVF and ICSI. Correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation and pregnancy outcome in IVF and ICSI is debated. In this chapter the primary focus is on the role of a spermatozoon carrying DNA damage on pregnancy outcome, the predictive potential of existing DNA tests, the late paternal effect and repair capability of oocytes of damaged sperm DNA, and the possible treatment interventions for better outcome in IVF and ICSI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India

    Nirlipta Swain

  2. Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India

    Gayatri Mohanty

  3. Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India

    Luna Samanta

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  1. Nirlipta Swain
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  2. Gayatri Mohanty
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  3. Luna Samanta
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Correspondence to Luna Samanta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Armand Zini

  2. American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Ashok Agarwal

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Swain, N., Mohanty, G., Samanta, L. (2018). Sperm DNA and Pregnancy Loss After IVF and ICSI. In: Zini, A., Agarwal, A. (eds) A Clinician's Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin Damage. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71815-6_22

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