Abstract
This book is a case study in how a union of teachers partly succeeded and partly failed at leading resistance against the neoliberal education policy of a labour government. It resisted an agenda to audit the competitiveness of students, teachers, and schools. This introduction specifies what I mean by, first, ‘resistance’ within the ideas, interests, and language of ideological battles; second, ‘social’ neoliberalism as a descriptor for a post-financial crisis-phase in the history of neoliberalism; and third, ‘auditing’ to describe the way numeracy and literacy tests have become central to the way transnational bodies, corporations, and national governments both monitor teachers’ work and hinder effective teaching and learning. The alternative is to test intelligently and trust teachers to perform according to their own professional standards.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aho, E., et al. (2006). Policy development and reform principles of basic and secondary education in Finland since 1968. Education Working Paper Series. Education Unit, World Bank. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org/education
Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing policy: What is the problem represented to be? Frenchs Forest: Pearson.
Ball, S. (2012). Global Education Inc.: New policy networks and the neo-liberal imaginary. Milton Park, UK, and New York: Routledge.
Blackmore, J. (2011). Bureaucratic, corporate/market and network governance: Shifting spaces for gender equity in education. Gender, Work and Organization, 18(5), 443–466.
Blair, T. (1996). Speech given at Ruskin College, Oxford. Retrieved November 13, 2013, from http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000084.htm
Bourdieu, P. (2003). Firing back: Against the tyranny of the market 2. London: Verso.
Bowden, B. (2009). The organising model in Australia: A reassessment. Labour and Industry, 20(2), 138–158.
Brennan, M., et al. (2016). Negotiating with the neighbours: Balancing different accountabilities across a cluster of regional schools. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 199–211). London and New York: Routledge.
Campbell, C., & Proctor, H. (2014). A history of Australian schooling. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Campbell, C., et al. (2009). School choice: How parents negotiate the new school market in Australia. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin.
Campbell, D. T. (1979). Assessing the impact of planned social change. Evaluation and Program Planning, 2(1), 67–90.
Castells, M., & Himanen, P. (2002). The information society and the welfare state: The finnish model. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castles, F. G. (1987). Australia and Sweden: The politics of economic vulnerability. Thesis Eleven, 16, 112–121.
Castles, F. G. (1988). Australian public policy and economic vulnerability: A comparative and historical perspective. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Castles, F. G., et al. (1996). The great experiment: Labour parties and public policy transformation in Australia and New Zealand. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Cerny, P. G. (2010). Rethinking world politics: A theory of transnational neopluralism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Clegg, S. (1989). Frameworks of power. London: Sage.
Clegg, S. R., et al. (2006). Power and organizations. London: Sage.
Compton, M., & Weiner, L. (Eds.). (2008). The global assault on teaching, teachers, and their unions: Stories for resistance. New York and Houndmills, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Connell, R. (2011). Confronting equality: Gender, knowledge and global change. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Connell, R. (2012). My university: Notes on neoliberalism and knowledge for the consideration of the Academic Board. Retrieved from www.raewynconnell.net
Connell, R. (2013). The neoliberal cascade and education: An essay on the market agenda and its consequences. Critical Studies in Education, 54(2), 99–112.
Connell, R. W., et al. (1982). Making the difference: Schools, families and social division. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Connolly, W. (1983). The terms of political discourse. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Coulson, A. (2007). An “invisible hand” up. Retrieved August 13, 2016, from http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/excellence_in_philanthropy/an_invisible_hand_up
Creagh, S. (2016). Understanding the politics of categories in reporting national test results. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 110–125). London and New York: Routledge.
Cummings, J. J., et al. (2016). Students at risk and NAPLAN: The collateral damage. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 126–138). London and New York: Routledge.
Davies, W. (2014). The limits of neoliberalism: Authority, sovereignty, and the logic of competition. London: Sage.
Davies, W., & Dunne, S. (2016). The limits of neoliberalism: An interview with Will Davies. Ephemera: Theory and Politics in Organization, 16(1), 155–168.
Delbanco, A. (2013). The two faces of American education. New York Review of Books, LX(15), 4–8. Retrieved from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/oct/10/rhee-ravitch-two-faces-american-education/
Dorlach, T. (2015). The prospects of egalitarian capitalism in the global South: Turkish social neoliberalism in comparative perspective. Economy and Society, 44(4), 519–544.
Dow, G., & Lafferty, G. (2007). Decades of disillusion: Reappraising the ALP-ACTU accord 1983–1996. Australian Journal of Political Science, 53(4), 552–568.
Edwards, L. (2013). The passion of politics: The role of ideology and political theory in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ewer, P., et al. (1991). Politics and the accord. Sydney: Pluto Press.
Fabricant, M., & Fine, M. (2012). Charter schools and the corporate makeover of public education: What’s at stake? New York: Teachers’ College Press.
Flew, T. (2014). Six theories of neoliberalism. Thesis Eleven, 122(1), 49–71.
Freeden, M. (1998). Ideologies and political theory: A conceptual approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Freeden, M. (2003). Ideology: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Freeden, M. (2005). The concept of ideology. In M. Festenstein & M. Kenny (Eds.), Political ideologies: A reader and guide (pp. 39–44). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Furlong, J. (2008). Making teaching a 21st century profession: Tony Blair’s big prize. Oxford Review of Education, 34(6), 727–739.
Gallie, W. B. (1956). Essentially contested concepts. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56, 167–198.
Gamble, A. (2000). Neo-liberalism. Capital & Class, 75, 127–134.
Gamble, A. (2009). The spectre at the feast: Capitalist crisis and the politics of recession. Basingstoke, UK and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gavrielatos, A., & Hopgood, S. (2010). Australian Education Union Submission to the Senate Education, Employment and Workplace Relations Committee on the Administration and Reporting of NAPLAN Testing. Melbourne, AEU: 78.
Giddens, A. (1998). The third way: The renewal of social democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (2001). The third way and its critics. Cambridge: Polity.
Gillard, J. (2014). My story. Sydney: Knopf and Random House.
Goodwin, M. (2014). Schools policy, governance and politics under new labour. Political Studies, 13(4), 534–545.
Gorur, R. (2013). The invisible infrastructure of standards. Critical Studies in Education, 54(2), 132–142.
Gorur, R. (2016a). The performative politics of NAPLAN and My School. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 30–43). Oxford and New York: Routledge.
Gorur, R. (2016b). The performative politics of NAPLAN and My School. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 30–43). New York and London: Routledge.
Gorur, R. (2016c). Seeing like PISA: A cautionary tale about the performativity of international assessments. European Educational Research Journal, 15(5), 598–616.
Hardy, I. (2016). Contesting and capitalising on NAPLAN. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 98–109). Oxford and New York: Routledge.
Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the knowledge society; Education in the age of insecurity. New York: Teachers College Press.
Hargreaves, A., & Shirley, D. (2009). The fourth way: The inspiring future for educational change. Moorabbin, VIC, Australia: Hawker Brownlow Education.
Harvey, D. (2007). Neoliberalism as creative destruction. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 610(March), 22–44. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25097888
Heywood, A. (2007). Political ideologies: An introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Horn, R. v., et al. (2011). Building Chicago economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Howell, A. (2016). Exploring children’s lived experience of NAPLAN. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 164–181). London and New York: Routledge.
Hunter, I. (1994). Rethinking the school: Subjectivity, bureaucracy, criticism. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Hyman, R. (1971). Marxism and the sociology of trade unionism. London: Pluto Press.
Jacks, T. (2015, December 23). Company marking NAPLAN accused of conflict of interest. The Age. Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/company-marking-naplan-accused-of-conflict-of-interest-20151223-glu2fw.html
Jensen, B. (2010). Value added measures of school performance. Independence, 35(1), 32, 34, 36. Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;res=AEIPT;dn=182302
Jensen, B., et al. (2012). Catching up: Learning from the best school systems in East Asia. Sydney: Grattan Institute.
Jensen, B., et al. (2013). The myth of markets in school education, Grattan Institute. Grattan Institute Report No. 2013–7. Retrieved from http://grattan.edu.au/report/the-myth-of-markets-in-school-education/
Keane, J. (2016). Money, capitalism and the slow death of social democracy. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/money-capitalism-and-the-slow-death-of-social-democracy-58703
Kerchner, C. T., & Caufman, K. D. (1995). Lurching toward professionalism: The saga of teacher unionism. The Elementary School Journal, 96(1), 107–122.
Kerchner, C. T., & Koppich, J. E. (2007). Negotiating what matters most: Collective bargaining and student achievement (p. 349). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Kerchner, C. T., & Mitchell, D. E. (1988). The changing idea of a teachers’ union. New York: Falmer Press.
Kerkham, L., & Comber, B. (2016). Literacy leadership and accountability practices: Holding onto ethics in ways that count. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 86–97). London and New York: Routledge.
Klein, J. (2011). The failure of American schools. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/06/the-failure-of-american-schools/308497/
Klenowski, V. (2016). Questioning the validity of the multiple uses of NAPLAN data. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 44–56). London and New York: Routledge.
Knott, M. (2014, September 11). Strip results from My School website, say school principals. The Age. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/strip-results-from-my-school-website-say-school-principals-20140911-10fncc.html
Latham, M. (2001). What did you learn today? Creating an education revolution. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Lewin, L. (2014). Summary of Staten får inte abdikera—om kommunaliseringen av den svenska skolan (The State must not abdicate: On the municipalisation of control over Swedish schools). Stockholm: Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer.
Lingard, B. (2010). Policy borrowing, policy learning: Testing times in Australian schooling. Critical Studies in Education, 51(2), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508481003731026
Lingard, B. (2014). Politics, policies, and pedagogies in education: The selected works of Bob Lingard. London and New York: Routledge.
Lingard, B., et al. (2016a). National testing from an Australian perspective. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 1–17). London and New York: Routledge.
Lingard, B., et al. (Eds.). (2016b). National testing in schools: An Australian assessment. Oxford and New York: Routledge.
Marx, K. (1986). Capital: A critique of political economy, Volume 1. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
McKnight, D. (2012, January 28). How an unpretentious charmer became fixated on a conspiracy of liberals. The Age. Retrieved from http://m.theage.com.au/national/how-an-unpretentious-charmer-became-fixated-on-a-conspiracy-of-liberals-20120127-1qlkg.html?page=1
Mirowski, P. (2009). Postface, defining neoliberalism. In P. Mirowski & D. Plehwe (Eds.), The road from Mont Pelerin (pp. 417–455). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mockler, N. (2016). NAPLAN and the problem frame: Exploring representations of NAPLAN and the print media, 2010 and 2013. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 181–198). London and New York: Routledge.
Moe, M. T., et al. (1999). The book of knowledge: Investing in the growing education and training industry. New York: Merrill Lynch & Co.
Muir, K., & Peetz, D. (2010). Not dead yet: The Australian union movement and the defeat of a government. Social Movement Studies, 9(2), 215–228.
Nazaryan, A. (2014). Joel Klein’s book on American schools tries to find a way forward. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/joel-kleins-book-education-reform-lessons-hope-281285
New York Magazine. (2006, May 15). The influentials: Education. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16924/
Ng, C., et al. (2016). Disadvantaged students’ voices on national testing: The submersion of NAPLAN’s formative potential. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment. London and New York: Routledge.
OECD. (2012). Delivering school transparency in Australia, national reporting through My School. Paris: OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2016). About PISA. Organisation for Economic and Co-operative Development. Retrieved July 8, 2016, from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/aboutpisa/
Osborne, D., & Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing government: How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Peetz, D. (1998). Unions in a contrary world: The future of the Australian trade union movement. Cambridge and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Petras, J., & Veitmeyer, H. (2009, November 19). Neoliberalism and the dynamics of capitalist development in Latin America. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberalism-and-the-dynamics-of-capitalist-development-in-latin-america/16167
Polanyi, K. (1944). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our times. Boston: Beacon Press.
Popper, K. (1992). In search of a better world: Lectures and essays from thirty years. London and New York: Routledge.
Power, M. (1997). The audit society: Rituals of verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Randall, R. (2013, June 17). Strong curriculum, not assessment, lies at heart of learning. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://newsstore.theage.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&sy=age&kw=NAPLAN&pb=all_ffx&dt=selectRange&dr=1month&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=10&rm=200&sp=nrm&clsPage=1&docID=SMH130617AO4EQ6FBJMK
Ravitch, D. (2001). Left back: A century of battles over school reform. New York: Touchstone.
Ravitch, D. (2010). The death and life of the great American school system: How testing and choice are undermining education. New York: Basic Books.
Ravitch, D. (2015). The lost purpose of school reform. New York Review of Books Blog.
Rawls, J. (2009). The justification of civil disobedience. In A. Kavanagh & J. Oberdiek (Eds.), Arguing about law (pp. 244–253). New York: Routledge.
Reay, D. (2008). Tony Blair, the promotion of the ‘active’ educational citizen, and middle-class hegemony. Oxford Review of Education, 34(6), 639–650.
Rice, S., et al. (2016). NAPLAN and student wellbeing: Teacher perceptions of the impact of NAPLAN on students. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 72–85). London and New York: Routledge.
Robinson, N. (2010, January 23). Education out on the table. Weekend Australian.
Rudd, K. (2009, February). The global financial crisis. The Monthly, Australian Politics, Society & Culture. Retrieved from https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/february/1319602475/kevin-rudd/global-financial-crisis
Sahlberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning: The Finnish approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22(2), 141–171.
Sahlberg, P. (2011a). Finnish lessons: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? New York: Teachers’ College Press.
Sahlberg, P. (2011b). The fourth way of Finland. Journal of Educational Change, 12(2), 173–185. Retrieved from http://pasisahlberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-Fourth-Way-of-Filand-JEC-2011.pdf
Sahlberg, P. (2017). Global educational reform movement is here! Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://pasisahlberg.com/global-educational-reform-movement-is-here/
Spaull, A. D. (2000). The Australian education union: From federal registration to national reconciliation. Camberwell, VIC: Australian Council for Educational Review Press.
Stilwell, F. (1986). The accord and beyond: The political economy of the labour government. Sydney: Pluto Press.
Teese, R., & Polesel, J. (2003). Undemocratic schooling: Equity and quality in mass secondary education in Australia. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
Thompson, G. (2012, September 16). Anxious kids not learning: The real effects of NAPLAN. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/anxious-kids-not-learning-the-real-effects-of-naplan-9526
Thompson, G. (2016). Local experiences, global similarities: Teacher perceptions of the impacts of national testing. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 57–71). London and New York: Routledge.
Thompson, G., et al. (2016). The life of data: Evolving national testing. In B. LIngard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 212–230). London and New York: Routledge.
Tilly, C. (2007). Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Topsfield, J., & Harrison, D. (2012, January 24). School test results not improving. The Age. Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/back-to-school/school-test-results-not-improving-20120123-1qdzm.html
Vandenberg, A. (2000). Contesting citizenship and democracy in a global era. In A. Vandenberg (Ed.), Citizenship and democracy in a global era (pp. 3–17). London: Macmillan Press.
Vass, G., & Chalmers, G. (2016). NAPLAN, achievement gaps and embedding Indigenous perspectives in schooling: Disrupting the decolonial option. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 139–151). London and New York: Routledge.
Webster, E., et al. (2008). Grounding globalization: Labour in the age of insecurity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Wilkinson, R., & Picket, K. (2009). The spirit level. Why more equal societies almost always do better. London: Allen Lane and Penguin.
Williams, R. (1988). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. London: Fontana Press.
Wu, M. (2016). What national testing can tell us. In B. Lingard, G. Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), National testing in schools: An Australian assessment (pp. 18–29). New York and London: Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vandenberg, A. (2018). Introduction. In: Education Policy and the Australian Education Union. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68046-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68047-7
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)