Abstract
Given a polynomial system f with a multiple zero x whose Jacobian matrix at x has corank one, we show how to compute the multiplicity structure of x and the lower bound on the minimal distance between the multiple zero x and other zeros of f. If x is only given with limited accuracy, we give a numerical criterion to guarantee that f has \(\mu \) zeros (counting multiplicities) in a small ball around x. Moreover, we also show how to compute verified and narrow error bounds such that a slightly perturbed system is guaranteed to possess an isolated breadth-one singular solution within computed error bounds. Finally, we present modified Newton iterations and show that they converge quadratically if x is close to an isolated exact singular solution of f. This is joint work with Zhiwei Hao, Wenrong Jiang, Nan Li.
This research was supported in part by the National Key Research Project of China 2016YFB0200504 (Zhi) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 11571350 (Zhi).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blum, L., Cucker, F., Shub, M., Smale, S.: Complexity and Real Computation. Springer, New York (1998)
Chen, X., Nashed, Z., Qi, L.: Convergence of Newton’s method for singular smooth and nonsmooth equations using adaptive outer inverses. SIAM J. Optim. 7(2), 445–462 (1997)
Corless, R.M., Gianni, P.M., Trager, B.M.: A reordered Schur factorization method for zero-dimensional polynomial systems with multiple roots. In: Küchlin, W.W. (ed) Proceedings of ISSAC 1997, pp. 133–140. ACM, New York (1997)
Dayton, B., Li, T., Zeng, Z.: Multiple zeros of nonlinear systems. Math. Comput. 80, 2143–2168 (2011)
Dayton, B., Zeng, Z.: Computing the multiplicity structure in solving polynomial systems. In: Kauers, M. (ed) Proceedings of ISSAC 2005, pp. 116–123. ACM, New York (2005)
Decker, D.W., Kelley, C.T.: Newton’s method at singular points I. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 17, 66–70 (1980)
Decker, D.W., Kelley, C.T.: Newton’s method at singular points II. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 17, 465–471 (1980)
Decker, D.W., Kelley, C.T.: Convergence acceleration for Newton’s method at singular points. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 19, 219–229 (1982)
Dedieu, J.P., Shub, M.: On simple double zeros and badly conditioned zeros of analytic functions of n variables. Math. Comput. 70(233), 319–327 (2001)
Giusti, M., Lecerf, G., Salvy, B., Yakoubsohn, J.C.: On location and approximation of clusters of zeros of analytic functions. Found. Comput. Math. 5(3), 257–311 (2005)
Giusti, M., Lecerf, G., Salvy, B., Yakoubsohn, J.C.: On location and approximation of clusters of zeros: case of embedding dimension one. Found. Comput. Math. 7(1), 1–58 (2007)
Griewank, A.: On solving nonlinear equations with simple singularities or nearly singular solutions. SIAM Rev. 27(4), 537–563 (1985)
Griewank, A.: Analysis and modification of Newton’s method at singularities. Australian National University, thesis (1980)
Griewank, A., Osborne, M.R.: Newton’s method for singular problems when the dimension of the null space is \(>1\). SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 18, 145–149 (1981)
Hao, Z., Jiang, W., Li, N., Zhi, L.: Computing simple multiple zeros of polynomial systems (2017). https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/1703.03981.pdf
Hauenstein, J.D., Sottile, F.: Algorithm 921: AlphaCertified: certifying solutions to polynomial systems. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 38(4), 28:1–28:20 (2012)
Krawczyk, R.: Newton-Algorithmen zur Bestimmung von Nullstellen mit Fehlerschranken. Computing 4(3), 187–201 (1969)
Lecerf, G.: Quadratic Newton iteration for systems with multiplicity. Found. Comput. Math. 2(3), 247–293 (2002)
Leykin, A., Verschelde, J., Zhao, A.: Newton’s method with deflation for isolated singularities of polynomial systems. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 359(1), 111–122 (2006)
Leykin, A., Verschelde, J., Zhao, A.: Higher-order deflation for polynomial systems with isolated singular solutions. In: Dickenstein, A., Schreyer, F.O., Sommese, A.J. (eds.) Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry. IMA, vol. 146, pp. 79–97. Springer, New York (2008)
Li, N., Zhi, L.: Compute the multiplicity structure of an isolated singular solution: case of breadth one. J. Symb. Comput. 47, 700–710 (2012)
Li, N., Zhi, L.: Computing isolated singular solutions of polynomial systems: case of breadth one. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 50(1), 354–372 (2012)
Li, N., Zhi, L.: Verified error bounds for isolated singular solutions of polynomial systems: case of breadth one. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 479, 163–173 (2013)
Li, N., Zhi, L.: Verified error bounds for isolated singular solutions of polynomial systems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 52(4), 1623–1640 (2014)
Mantzaflaris, A., Mourrain, B.: Deflation and certified isolation of singular zeros of polynomial systems. In: Leykin, A. (ed.) Proceedings of ISSAC 2011, pp. 249–256. ACM, New York (2011)
Marinari, M.G., Mora, T., Möller, H.M.: Gröbner duality and multiplicities in polynomial system solving. In: Proceedings of ISSAC 1995, pp. 167–179. ACM, New York (1995)
Moore, R.E.: A test for existence of solutions to nonlinear systems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 14(4), 611–615 (1977)
Mourrain, B.: Isolated points, duality and residues. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 117, 469–493 (1996). 117
Ojika, T.: Modified deflation algorithm for the solution of singular problems. i. a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 123(1), 199–221 (1987)
Ojika, T., Watanabe, S., Mitsui, T.: Deflation algorithm for the multiple roots of a system of nonlinear equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 96(2), 463–479 (1983)
Rall, L.B.: Convergence of the Newton process to multiple solutions. Numer. Math. 9(1), 23–37 (1966)
Reddien, G.W.: On Newton’s method for singular problems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 15(5), 993–996 (1978)
Reddien, G.W.: Newton’s method and high order singularities. Comput. Math. Appl. 5(2), 79–86 (1979)
Rump, S.M.: Solving algebraic problems with high accuracy. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on A New Approach to Scientific Computation, pp. 51–120. Academic Press Professional Inc., San Diego (1983)
Rump, S.M., Graillat, S.: Verified error bounds for multiple roots of systems of nonlinear equations. Numer. Algorithms 54(3), 359–377 (2010)
Shen, Y.Q., Ypma, T.J.: Newton’s method for singular nonlinear equations using approximate left and right nullspaces of the Jacobian. Appl. Numer. Math. 54(2), 256–265 (2005)
Shub, M., Smale, S.: Complexity of bezout’s theorem IV: probability of success; extensions. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 33(1), 128–148 (1996)
Shub, M., Smale, S.: Computational complexity: on the geometry of polynomials and a theory of cost: I. Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. 18(1), 107–142 (1985)
Shub, M., Smale, S.: Computational complexity: on the geometry of polynomials and a theory of cost: II. SIAM J. Comput. 15(1), 145–161 (1986)
Smale, S.: The fundamental theorem of algebra and complexity theory. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 4(1), 1–36 (1981)
Smale, S.: Newton’s method estimates from data at one point. In: Ewing, R.E., Gross, K.I., Martin, C.F. (eds.) The Merging of Disciplines: New Directions in Pure, Applied, and Computational Mathematics. Springer, New York (1986)
Stetter, H.: Numerical Polynomial Algebra. SIAM, Philadelphia (2004)
Wang, X., Han, D.: On dominating sequence method in the point estimate and smale theorem. Sci. China Ser. A 33(2), 135–144 (1990)
Wu, X., Zhi, L.: Computing the multiplicity structure from geometric involutive form. In: Jeffrey, D. (ed) Proceedings of ISSAC 2008, pp. 325–332. ACM, New York (2008)
Wu, X., Zhi, L.: Determining singular solutions of polynomial systems via symbolic-numeric reduction to geometric involutive forms. J. Symb. Comput. 47(3), 227–238 (2012)
Yamamoto, N.: Regularization of solutions of nonlinear equations with singular Jacobian matrices. J. Inf. Process. 7(1), 16–21 (1984)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhi, L. (2017). Computing Multiple Zeros of Polynomial Systems: Case of Breadth One (Invited Talk). In: Gerdt, V., Koepf, W., Seiler, W., Vorozhtsov, E. (eds) Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing. CASC 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10490. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66320-3_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66320-3_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66319-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-66320-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)