Abstract
β-Lactam, a four membered ring, found in the core structure of large number of clinically used antibiotics and served as synthon for the synthesis of amino acids, alkaloids and taxoids. Their biological behaviour of β-lactam is derived from its unique structure and reactivity. Monocyclic β-lactams, one of its major classes is popular due their wide range of pharmacological applications and the recent interest in this field is towards the monocyclic β-lactams appended with hetero moieties. In this regard, this chapter reviews the recent progress, particularly in the last 5 years, made in the synthesis of diverse hetrocyclic β-lactams and the role of appended hetero moieties on enhancing their biological aspects. The introductory part highlights the significance of β-lactam antibiotics and is followed by an overview of biologically active monocyclic-β-lactams. The other sections of chapter deal with the importance and recently developed methodologies for the synthesis of variety of heterocyclic β-lactams. Further, the biological potentials of novel heterocyclic β-lactams have also been described.
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Abbreviations
- Å:
-
Angstrom
- Ac:
-
Acetyl
- Ar:
-
Aryl
- iBu:
-
iso-Butyl
- Bz/Bn:
-
Benzyl
- [bmIm]:
-
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium
- c-hex:
-
Cyclohexyl
- c-hep:
-
Cycloheptyl
- °C:
-
Degree centigrade
- CAC:
-
Chloroacetyl chloride
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CHCl3 :
-
Chloroform
- DCC:
-
N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DCM:
-
Dichloromethane
- DMF:
-
N,N-Dimethylformamide
- DMSO:
-
Dimethylsulfoxide
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- ERGs:
-
Electron releasing groups
- G:
-
Gram
- GST:
-
Glutathione-S-transferase
- H:
-
Hour
- HLE:
-
Human leukocyte elastase
- HOBt:
-
Hydroxybenzotriazole
- MAOS:
-
Microwave assisted organic synthesis
- MeOH:
-
Methyl alcohol
- MWI:
-
Microwave irradiation
- Μg:
-
Microgram
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- Min:
-
Minute
- mL:
-
Millilitre
- Mmol:
-
Millimole
- MRSA:
-
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- MTT:
-
3-(4′,5′-dimethylthiazol-2′-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Ph:
-
Phenyl
- PMP:
-
p-Methoxyphenyl
- POCl3 :
-
Phosphorous oxychloride
- iPr:
-
iso-propyl
- PTZ:
-
Pentylenetetrazole
- TEA:
-
Triethylamine
- THF:
-
Tetrahydrofuran
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Acknowledgements
We would like to apologize to those scientists whose work may not have appeared in this review either due to the limited scope of the review or oversight. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for our heterocyclic β-lactam research programme from Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, Government of India, Project No. SR/FT/CS-037/2010 dated 28-10-2010, and University Grants Commission (UGC), India, vide sanction No. F.17-7(J)/2004 (SA-I) dated 03-10-2011.
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Bhalla, A., Bari, S.S., Bhalla, J. (2017). Synthesis of Diverse β-Lactams: Role of Appended Hetero Moiety on Its Activity. In: Banik, B. (eds) Beta-Lactams. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55621-5_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55621-5_1
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