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Isotope Fluxes

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Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 229))

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Abstract

The determination of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) has become a fundamental tool for the investigation of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. The derivation of the annual sum of NEE is complicated by characteristic diurnal and seasonal variation in the governing gross flux components of assimilation and respiration. Therefore, additional information is required to achieve both the partitioning of NEE into its component fluxes and an understanding of the corresponding processes. This might be provided by a tracer, which could identify the individual contributions to the net flux at ecosystem scale.

The isotopic signature of CO2—that is, the CO2 isotope ratios with respect to 13CO2—can serve as a tracer because photosynthetic uptake discriminates against the heavier isotope. Isotope mass balances may be determined by measurements of 13CO2 iso-fluxes. A sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for the isotopic parameters is essential for the determination of 13CO2 iso-fluxes. The hyperbolic relaxed eddy accumulation (HREA) method allows for maximized differences of the isotopic signatures in samples for appropriate laboratory analysis.

HREA measurements of 13CO2 iso-fluxes were conducted at FLUXNET station DE-Bay (Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen) during three intensive measuring campaigns in 1999, 2000, and 2003. Furthermore, HREA 13CO2 iso-fluxes were measured at the extensively managed submontane grassland site “Voitsumra,” near the Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen site, during an intensive measuring campaign in 2010. Results of 13CO2 iso-flux measurements highlight their capabilities for NEE flux partitioning as well as for the examination of CO2 exchange mechanisms over forests.

B. Wichura, J. Ruppert, M. Riederer, T. Foken: Affiliation during the work at the Waldstein sites: Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology (PT BEO-0339476 C, D) and the joint research project “FORKAST” by the Bavarian State Ministry of Sciences, Research and the Arts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate and Environment Consultancy, Regional Office Potsdam, Postfach 600552, 14405, Potsdam, Germany

    Bodo Wichura

  2. Research Institute of the Cement Industry, Tannenstr. 2, 40476, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Johannes Ruppert

  3. Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Postfach 120327, 93025, Regensburg, Germany

    Michael Riederer

  4. Am Herrgottsbaum 28, 96120, Bischberg, Germany

    Thomas Foken

  5. Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

    Thomas Foken

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Wichura, B., Ruppert, J., Riederer, M., Foken, T. (2017). Isotope Fluxes. In: Foken, T. (eds) Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem. Ecological Studies, vol 229. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49389-3_10

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