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Circular Migration and Local Adaptation in the Mountainous Community of Las Palomas (Mexico)

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Migration, Risk Management and Climate Change: Evidence and Policy Responses

Part of the book series: Global Migration Issues ((IOMS,volume 6))

Abstract

Recent literature highlights the potential of migration as a part of successful adaptation strategies in the face of external stressors (Afifi et al., Migration and development, 2015; Bardsley and Hugo, Population Environ 32(2–3):238–262, 2010; Black et al., Nature 478(7370):447–449, 2011; McLeman and Smit, Clim Change 76:31–53, 2010; Tacoli, Environ Urbaniz 21:513–525, 2009). However, few studies have explored mobility patterns in mountain areas in the context of climate and environmental change (Kollmair and Banerjee, Drivers of migration in mountainous regions of the developing world: a review. Foresight: Migration and global environmental change driver review 9. Government Office for Science, London, 2010; Milan et al., Earth Syst Dyn 6(1):375, 2015a). This chapter explores the potential of circular migration programs as part of household strategies to diversify livelihoods and manage risks associated with environmental and climate change in Las Palomas, a village belonging to the municipality of Xichù, in Central Mexico. Additionally, this research examines various agricultural adaptation and capacity-building mechanisms which could heighten the resilience of Las Palomas. Based on primary qualitative data collected in December 2013, the results of this study suggest that well-conceived circular migration schemes could increase the adaptive capacity of Las Palomas to external stressors. In particular, the authors argue that sending one or more migrants abroad as a risk management strategy at the household level can allow the rest of the household to stay where they are and to increase their adaptive capacity through increased income and livelihood risks reduction. In addition, this chapter suggest several traditional agricultural methods through which households in Las Palomas could improve their resilience and eventually decrease their dependence on external sources of revenues such as remittances and governmental support.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n°6611188.

  2. 2.

    The Neartic and the Neotropic ecozones are biogeographical realms. Major habitat types are divided into several biogeographical realms which represent the unique fauna and flora of the world’s continents and ocean basins (WWF n.d.). The Nearctic ecozone extends at north of the tropic of Cancer (including the highlands of Mexico), while the Neotropical ecozone extends southwards (including Eastern Mexico) (Fund 2014).

  3. 3.

    A combination of diverse varieties of maize (main crop), along with beans and a variety of squash (known as calabaza), and also chile and quelites (edible leaf vegetables) (Ortiz-Timoteo et al. 2014). Maize is the only crop that follows “a defined spatial order while the other crops are sowed randomly” (Milan and Ruano 2014).

  4. 4.

    “Eutrophication is a syndrome of ecosystem responses to human activities that fertilize water bodies with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), often leading to changes in animal and plant populations and degradation of water and habitat quality” (Cloern 2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Environmental & Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany

    Noemi Cascone & Andrea Milan

  2. Research Programme on Climate Change, National Autonomous University of México, México, Mexico

    Ana Elisa Peña del Valle Isla

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  1. Noemi Cascone
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  2. Ana Elisa Peña del Valle Isla
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst for Environm & Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany

    Andrea Milan

  2. German Development Institute, Bonn, Germany

    Benjamin Schraven

  3. Inst for Environment & Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany

    Koko Warner

  4. Inst for Environmental & Human Security, United Nations University Inst for Environmental & Human Security, Bonn, Germany

    Noemi Cascone

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Cascone, N., Peña del Valle Isla, A.E., Milan, A. (2016). Circular Migration and Local Adaptation in the Mountainous Community of Las Palomas (Mexico). In: Milan, A., Schraven, B., Warner, K., Cascone, N. (eds) Migration, Risk Management and Climate Change: Evidence and Policy Responses. Global Migration Issues, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42922-9_4

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