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Glycinebetaine-Mediated Abiotic Oxidative-Stress Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms

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Stress Signaling in Plants: Genomics and Proteomics Perspective, Volume 2

Abstract

Plants face many stressful conditions during their lifetimes and because of their sessile nature they have to adapt to these conditions in order to survive. One unfortunate and unavoidable consequence of all major biotic and abiotic stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive and toxic chemical entities and can cause serious damage to cellular proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA, leading to irreparable metabolic dysfunction and cell death. Plant cells and their organelles, particularly the chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes have antioxidant defence systems, composed of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, to counter the deleterious effects of ROS and/or to perform signalling functions. It is an established fact that the timely induction of antioxidant defences is a key to protection of plant cells from oxidative damage due to stress. Enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidases and glutathione reductase, while the major non-enzymatic antioxidants are compatible osmolytes (glycinebetaine, GB; and proline), ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, α-tocopherol, amino acids and polyphenols. Stimulated biosynthesis and accumulation of low molecular weight compatible osmolytes is one of the most effective mechanisms evolved by plants to maintain their cellular integrity and ensure survival when exposed to multiple abiotic stresses. Glycinebetaine, an N-trimethyl derivative of glycine and a quaternary ammonium compound, is one of the most studied and efficient compatible solutes. Due to its unique structural features, it interacts both with the hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains of macromolecules, including enzymes and proteins. GB has been reported to protect plants from the antagonistic effects of a range of abiotic stresses, by maintaining the water balance between plant cells and environment, osmotic adjustment, protecting the thylakoid membrane system, protein stabilization, photosystem and photosynthetic electron transport chain protection and by modulating ROS detoxification. In recent years, GB has attained unprecedented attention due to its multifunctional roles in plants under stressful conditions. In this chapter, we summarize our understanding of ROS formation under abiotic stress and GB biosynthesis and accumulation, as an adaptive mechanism, with particular emphasis on the new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in GB-mediated abiotic oxidative stress tolerance in plants.

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Acknowledgements

The financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India [grant number SR/FT/LS-93/2011] to V.K. as a Young Scientist Project is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411016, India

    Vinay Kumar

  2. Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India

    Varsha Shriram

  3. Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Tahsina Sharmin Hoque

  4. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Md. Mehedi Hasan & Mohammad Anwar Hossain

  5. Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    David J. Burritt

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  1. Vinay Kumar
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  3. Tahsina Sharmin Hoque
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  6. Mohammad Anwar Hossain
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Correspondence to Mohammad Anwar Hossain .

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  1. Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Maryam Sarwat

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Altaf Ahmad

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India

    M. Z. Abdin

  4. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Ibrahim

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Kumar, V., Shriram, V., Hoque, T.S., Hasan, M.M., Burritt, D.J., Hossain, M.A. (2017). Glycinebetaine-Mediated Abiotic Oxidative-Stress Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms. In: Sarwat, M., Ahmad, A., Abdin, M., Ibrahim, M. (eds) Stress Signaling in Plants: Genomics and Proteomics Perspective, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42183-4_5

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