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Yeast Polyphosphatases PPX1 and PPN1: Properties, Functions, and Localization

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Inorganic Polyphosphates in Eukaryotic Cells

Abstract

The PPX1 and PPN1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode the enzymes that hydrolyze inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) of different chain lengths including tripolyphosphate. They are divalent metal ion dependent. PPX1 is an exopolyphosphatase splitting Pi from polyP chain end. PPN1 displays exopolyphosphatase and endopolyphosphatase activities in the presence of cobalt and magnesium ions, respectively. PPN1 prefers long-chain polyP, while PPX1 prefers short-chain polyP. Commonly, PPX1 is localized in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix, while PPN1 is localized in the vacuoles, nuclei, and mitochondrial membrane. PPN1 appears in the cytoplasm at the early growth stage under phosphate excess. The PPX1 or PPN1 knockouts increase polyP content in S. cerevisiae. ΔPPN1 mutants contain polyP with longer chains, while ΔPPX1 does not demonstrate polyP chain elongation. PPX1 overexpression has no effect on polyP content and chain length. In turn, PPN1 overexpression decreases polyP content. Both PPX1 and PPN1 catalyze the same reaction, but there is no similarity between the amino acid sequences of these enzymes. Furthermore, the human ortholog of PPX1, the prune protein, has an exopolyphosphatase activity, but neither functional nor structural homologs of PPN1 have been found in higher eukaryotes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 14-04-00515).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia

    Nadeshda Andreeva, Lidia Lichko & Ludmila Trilisenko

  2. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Ivan V. Kulakovskiy

  3. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Ivan V. Kulakovskiy

  4. Laboratory of Regulation of Biochemical Processes, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia

    Tatiana Kulakovskaya

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  1. Nadeshda Andreeva
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  2. Lidia Lichko
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  3. Ludmila Trilisenko
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  4. Ivan V. Kulakovskiy
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  5. Tatiana Kulakovskaya
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Correspondence to Tatiana Kulakovskaya .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Regulation of Biochemical Processes, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia

    Tatiana Kulakovskaya

  2. NYU College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA

    Evgeny Pavlov

  3. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Elena N. Dedkova

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Andreeva, N., Lichko, L., Trilisenko, L., Kulakovskiy, I.V., Kulakovskaya, T. (2016). Yeast Polyphosphatases PPX1 and PPN1: Properties, Functions, and Localization. In: Kulakovskaya, T., Pavlov, E., Dedkova, E. (eds) Inorganic Polyphosphates in Eukaryotic Cells. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41073-9_2

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