Abstract
It is well known that auxins (Ax) and cytokinins (Ck) are key regulators of plant cell division and differentiation. These growth regulators can induce plant cell reprogramming. The balance between Ax and Ck during their application in the plant tissue culture determines the state of cell di- or dedifferentiation. Other plant growth regulators can also induce callus. However, Ax is the most widely used plant growth regulator to control organ regeneration, callus induction or somatic embryogenesis induction. Ax plays a central role in early and post-embryogenic plant development. Elegant studies have shown that temporal and spatial Ax distribution mediates important steps during the early embryo patterning formation of zygotic embryogenesis (ZE). The application of exogenous Ax into the culture medium can unbalance the endogenous of this growth regulator and modify the IAA metabolism inside the cell. In most of the cultures, it has been demonstrated that the removal of the exogenous Ax from of culture medium promotes the formation of embryogenic structures. The increment in the endogenous Ax regulates the expression of a great number of transcription factors, several of them related to stress. The other aspect about the homeostasis of Ax, which has an effect on the induction of somatic embryogenesis, is its transport. In this chapter, a revision and analysis about the role of Ax in different aspects of somatic embryogenesis is made.
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Acknowledgements
This work from VMLV laboratory was supported by a grant received from the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, 157014). The authors thank Osvaldo J. Couoh-Dzul and Hugo A. Méndez Hernández for their assistance.
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Nic-Can, G.I., Loyola-Vargas, V.M. (2016). The Role of the Auxins During Somatic Embryogenesis. In: Loyola-Vargas, V., Ochoa-Alejo, N. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33705-0_10
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