Abstract
In last years, diagnostic imaging has played a key role in the management of patient with emergency surgery. Technological revolution and elaborate software have allowed a more sophisticated imaging and, consequently, less invasive surgery. This chapter aims to deal with the role of imaging in surgical pathologies, providing surgeons an indication of the various techniques to require. Furthermore, imaging features, advantages, and limitations to optimize time and results are shown as well as tailored technique and adequate study protocols. Finally, tight collaboration between radiologists and surgeons is essential for the best imaging approach and therapeutic planning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Smith EA, Dillman JR, Elsayes KM et al (2009) Cross-sectional imaging of acute and chronic gallbladder inflammatory disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192(1):188–196
Mirvis SE, Whitley NO, Miller JW (1986) The diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis: a comparison of sonography, scintigraphy and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 147:1171–1175
Mirvis SE, Whitley NO, Miller JW (1987) CT diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 11(1):83–87
Bennett GL, Rusinek H, Lisi V et al (2002) CT findings in acute gangrenous cholecystitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 178(2):275–281
Shakespear JS, Shaaban AM, Rezvani M (2010) CT findings of acute cholecystitis and its complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 194:6
Park MS, Yu JS, Kim YH et al (1998) Acute cholecystitis: comparison of MR cholangiography and US. Radiology 209:781–785
Altun E, Semelka RC, Elias J Jr et al (2007) Acute cholecystitis: MR findings and differentiation from chronic cholecystitis. Radiology 244:174–183
Balthazar EJ (2002) Acute pancreatitis: assessment of severity with clinical and CT evaluation. Radiology 223:603–613
O’Connor OJ, McWilliams S, Maher MM (2011) Imaging of acute pancreatitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197:2
Scaglione M, Casciani E, Pinto A et al (2008) Imaging assessment of acute pancreatitis: a review. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 29:322–340
Miller FH, Keppke AL, Dalal K (2004) MRI of pancreatitis and its complications: Part 1, Acute pancreatitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:1637–1644
Birnbaum BA, Brooke Jeffrey R (1998) CT and sonography evaluation of acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain. AJR Am J Roentgenol 170:361–371
Choi D, Park H, Lee YR, Kook SH, Kim SK, Kwag HJ, Chung EC (2003) The most useful findings for diagnosing acute appendicitis on contrast-enhanced helical CT. Acta Radiol 44(6):574–582
Moteki T, Horikoshi H (2007) New CT criterion for acute appendicitis: maximum depth of intraluminal appendiceal fluid. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188(5):1313–1319
Lane MJ, Katz DS, Ross BA et al (1997) Unenhanced helical CT for suspected acute appendicitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168(2):405–409
Smith MP, Katz DS, Lalani T, Carucci LR, Cash BD, Kim DH et al (2015) ACR appropriateness criteria® right lower quadrant pain–suspected appendicitis. Ultrasound Q 31(2):85–91
Kamaya A, Shin L, Chen B, Desser TS (2008) Emergency gynecologic imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 29(5):353–368
Vandermeer FQ, Wong-You-Cheong JJ (2009) Imaging of acute pelvic pain. Clin Obstet Gynecol 52(1):2–20
Varras M, Tsikini A, Polyzos D, Samara C, Hadjopoulos G, Akrivis C (2004) Uterine adnexal torsion: pathologic and gray-scale ultrasonographic findings. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 31(1):34–38
Qureshi IA, Ullah H, Akram MH, Ashfaq S, Nayyar S (2004) Transvaginal versus transabdominal sonography in the evaluation of pelvic pathology. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 14(7):390–393
Hann LE, Bachman DM, McArdle CR (1984) Coexistent intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy: a reevaluation. Radiology 152(1):151–154
Brosens I, Puttemans P, Campo R, Gordts S, Kinkel K (2004) Diagnosis of endometriosis: pelvic endoscopy and imaging techniques. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18(2):285–303
Ahn SH et al (2002) Acute nontraumatic abdominal pain in adult patients: abdominal radiography compared with CT evaluation 1. Radiology 225(1):159–164
Rosen MP et al (2000) Impact of abdominal CT on the management of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Am J Roentgenol 174(5):1391–1396
Sala E et al (2007) A randomized, controlled trial of routine early abdominal computed tomography in patients presenting with non-specific acute abdominal pain. Clin Radiol 62(10):961–969
Taourel P et al (1992) Acute abdomen of unknown origin: impact of CT on diagnosis and management. Gastrointest Radiol 17(1):287–291
Siewert B et al (1997) Impact of CT on diagnosis and management of acute abdomen in patients initially treated without surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168(1):173–178
Imuta M et al (2007) Multidetector CT findings suggesting a perforation site in the gastrointestinal tract: analysis in surgically confirmed 155 patients. Radiat Med 25(3):113–118
Furukawa A et al (2005) Gastrointestinal tract perforation: CT diagnosis of presence, site, and cause. Abdom Imaging 30(5):524–534
Yeung K-W et al (2004) CT evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation. Clin Imaging 28(5):329–333
Hainaux B et al (2006) Accuracy of MDCT in predicting site of gastrointestinal tract perforation. Am J Roentgenol 187(5):1179–1183
Kim SH et al (2009) Gastrointestinal tract perforation: MDCT findings according to the perforation sites. Korean J Radiol 10(1):63–70
Thompson WM, Kilani RK, Smith BB et al (2007) Accuracy of abdominal radiography in acute small-bowel obstruction: does reviewer experience matter? AJR Am J Roentgenol 188(3):W233–W238
Cappell MS, Batke M (2008) Mechanical obstruction of the small bowel and colon. Med Clin North Am 92(3):575–597, viii
Wittenberg J (1993) The diagnosis of colonic obstruction on plain abdominal radiographs: start with the cecum, leave the rectum to last. AJR Am J Roentgenol 161(2):443–444
Frager D, Rovno HD, Baer JW, Bashist B, Friedman M (1998) Prospective evaluation of colonic obstruction with computed tomography. Abdom Imaging 23(2):141–146
Godfrey EM, Addley HC, Shaw AS (2009) The use of computed tomography in the detection and characterization of large bowel obstruction. N Z Med J 122(1305):57–73
Horton KM, Abrams RA, Fishman EK (2000) Spiral CT of colon cancer: imaging features and role in management. RadioGraphics 20(2):419–430
Levsky JM, Den EI, DuBrow RA, Wolf EL, Rozenblit AM (2010) CT findings of sigmoid volvulus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 194(1):136–143
Hirao K, Kikawada M, Hanyu H, Iwamoto T (2006) Sigmoid volvulus showing “a whirl sign” on CT. InternMed 45(5):331–332
Horton KM, Corl FM, Fishman EK (2000) CT evaluation of the colon: inflammatory disease. RadioGraphics 20(2):399–418
Choi JS, Lim JS, Kim H et al (2008) Colonic pseudo obstruction: CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190(6):1521–1526
Nicolaou S, Kai B, Ho S, Su J, Ahamed K (2005) Imaging of acute small-bowel obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185(4):1036–1044
Rubesin SE, Gore RM (2008) Small bowel obstruction. In: Gore RM, Levine MS (eds) Textbook of gastrointestinal radiology, vol 1, 3rd edn. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, pp 871–899
Maglinte DD, Reyes BL, Harmon BH et al (1996) Reliability and role of film radiography and CT in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167(6):1451–1455
Furukawa A, Yamasaki M, Furuichi K et al (2001) Helical CT in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. RadioGraphics 21(2):341–355
Hayakawa K, Tanikake M, Yoshida S, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto E, Morimoto T (2013) CT findings of small bowel strangulation: the importance of contrast enhancement. Emerg Radiol 20(1):3–9
Barnett RE, Younga J, Harris B et al (2013) Accuracy of computed tomography in small bowel obstruction. Am Surg 79(6):641–643
Korenkov M, Paul A, Troidl H (1999) Color duplex sonography: diagnostic tool in the differentiation of inguinal hernias. J Ultrasound Med 18(8):565–568
Shadbolt CL, Heinze SB, Dietrich RB (2001) Imaging of groin masses: inguinal anatomy and pathologic conditions revisited. RadioGraphics 21:S261–S271
Aguirre DA, Santosa AC, Casola G, Sirlin CB (2005) Abdominal wall hernias: imaging features, complications, and diagnostic pitfalls at multi-detector row CT. RadioGraphics 25:1501–1520
Caoili EM, Paulson EK (2000) CT of small-bowel obstruction: another perspective using multiplanar reformations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174:993–998
Boudiaf M, Soyer P, Terem C, Pelage JP, Maissiat E, Rymer R (2001) CT evaluation of small bowel obstruction. RadioGraphics 21:613–624
Yu CY, Lin CC, Yu JC, Liu CH, Shyu RY, Chen CY (2004) Strangulated transmesosigmoid hernia: CT diagnosis. Abdom Imaging 29:158–160
Crespi G, Giannetta E, Mariani F, Floris F, Pretolesi F, Marino P (2004) Imaging of early postoperative complications after polypropylene mesh repair of inguinal hernia. Radiol Med (Torino) 108:107–115
van den Berg JC, de Valois JC, Go PM, Rosenbusch G (1998) Groin hernia: can dynamic magnetic resonance imaging be of help? Eur Radiol 8:270–273
Becker CD, Mentha G, Terrier F (1998) Blunt abdominal trauma in adults: role of CT in the diagnosis and management of visceral injuries. Eur Radiol 8:553562
Soto JA, Anderson SW (2012) Multidetector CT of blunt abdominal trauma. Radiology 265(3)
Poletti PA, Wintermark M, Schnyer P, Becker CD (2002) Traumatic injuries: role of imaging in the management of the polytrauma victim. Eur Radiol 12:969–978
Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE (1998) CT scan evaluation of blunt hepatic trauma. Radiol Clin North Am 36:399–411
Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, Shackford SR, Malangoni MA, Champion HR (1995) Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma 38(3):323–324
Mirvis SE, Shanmuganathan K, Erb R (1994) Diffuse small-bowel ischemia in hypotensive adults after blunt trauma (shock bowel): CT findings and clinical significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 163(6):1375–1379
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2014) AIUM practice guideline for the performance of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination. J Ultrasound Med 33(11):2047–2056
Furukawa A, Kanasaki S et al (2009) CT diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia from various ischemia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192:408–416
Menke J (2010) Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CT in acute mesenteric ischemia: systematic review and metanalysis. Radiology 256(1):93–101
Taourel P, Aufort S, Merigeaud S, Curros Doyon F, Devaux Hoquet M, Delabrousse E (2008) Imaging of ischemic colitis. Radiol Clin N Am 46:909–924
Wadman M, Block T, Ekberg O, Sky I, Elmstahl S, Acosta S (2010) Impact of MDCT with intravenous contrast on the survival in patients with acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Emerg Radiol 17(3):171–178
Yashura H (2005) Acute mesenteric ischemia: the challenge of gastroenterology. Surg Today 35:185–195
Kirkpatrick ID, Kroeker MA et al (2003) Biphasic CT with mesenteric CT angiography in the evaluation of acute mesenteric ischemia: initial experience. Radiology 229:91–98
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rossi, C., Martino, M., Ronza, R., Rizzati, R., Scaglione, M. (2016). Imaging in Emergency Surgery. In: Agresta, F., Campanile, F., Anania, G., Bergamini, C. (eds) Emergency Laparoscopy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29620-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29620-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29618-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29620-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)