Abstract
Articular repair is a very relevant and challenging area for the emerging fields of tissue engineering and biofabrication, as expertise regarding the repair of both soft and hard tissues is required. The need of significant gradients of properties, for the promotion of osteochondral repair, has led to the development of several families of composite biomaterials and scaffolds, using a wide range of potentially effective approaches, although a perfect solution has not yet been found. Further research is needed to address the advantages of combining different technologies for manufacturing enhanced, even personalized, scaffolds for tissue engineering studies and extra cellular matrices with outer geometries defined as implants for tissue repair, as the niche composition and 3D structure play an important role in stem cells state and fate. In this chapter we present some design and manufacturing strategies for the development of knowledge-based tissue engineering scaffolds with radical variations of mechanical properties, aimed at complex articular tissue engineering applications. These functionally graded scaffolds constitute a key development in the areas of tissue engineering and biofabrication, as their mechanical properties can be tuned to those of the tissues and biological structures being repaired. A couple of complete cases of studies, one linked to a composite scaffold for osteochondral repair, focused on the repair and regeneration of the extremes of large bones, and one linked to a composite scaffold for spine injuries, oriented to the repair and regeneration of both vertebrae and inter-vertebral discs, are also presented to illustrate the proposed strategies.
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Díaz Lantada, A., Fernández Méjica, G., de la Peña, M., Téllez, M., García Ruíz, J.P., Alarcón Iniesta, H. (2016). Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair. In: Díaz Lantada, A. (eds) Microsystems for Enhanced Control of Cell Behavior. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29328-8_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29328-8_19
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