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Amelogenin in Enamel Tissue Engineering

  • Chapter
Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 881))

Abstract

In this chapter the basic premises, the recent findings and the future challenges in the use of amelogenin for enamel tissue engineering are being discoursed on. Results emerging from the experiments performed to assess the fundamental physicochemical mechanisms of the interaction of amelogenin, the main protein of the enamel matrix, and the growing crystals of apatite, are mentioned, alongside a moderately comprehensive literature review of the subject at hand. The clinical importance of understanding this protein/mineral interaction at the nanoscale are highlighted as well as the potential for tooth enamel to act as an excellent model system for studying some of the essential aspects of biomineralization processes in general. The dominant paradigm stating that amelogenin directs the uniaxial growth of apatite crystals in enamel by slowing down the growth of (hk0) faces on which it adheres is being questioned based on the results demonstrating the ability of amelogenin to promote the nucleation and crystal growth of apatite under constant titration conditions designed to mimic those present in the developing enamel matrix. The role of numerous minor components of the enamel matrix is being highlighted as essential and impossible to compensate for by utilizing its more abundant ingredients only. It is concluded that the three major aspects of amelogenesis outlined hereby – (1) the assembly of amelogenin and other enamel matrix proteins, (2) the proteolytic activity, and (3) crystallization – need to be in precise synergy with each other in order for the grounds for the proper imitation of amelogenesis in the lab to be created.

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Acknowledgments

Writing of this chapter was supported by the National Institute of Health grant R00-DE021416. The author thanks Irena Ćosić and Elena Pigorova of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology for performing the CWT-RRM analysis of human amelogenin.

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  1. Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA

    Vuk Uskoković Ph.D.

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

    Luiz E. Bertassoni

  2. Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, New York, USA

    Paulo G. Coelho

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Uskoković, V. (2015). Amelogenin in Enamel Tissue Engineering. In: Bertassoni, L., Coelho, P. (eds) Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 881. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_13

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