Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide a modest insight into the determinants of social entrepreneurship. To that end, the chapter summarizes the results of the little research that has been done to date on the determinants of social entrepreneurship. Due to the limited number of determinants that have been investigated, they are simply categorized as individual and environmental determinants. The main criterion for selecting the determinants of this chapter has been the existence of at least one empirically based argument as to the effect of each determinant. This study demonstrates the inapplicability of conventional entrepreneurship policies if the aim is to stimulate social entrepreneurship, for its principal finding is that for the same determinants, the effect on social entrepreneurship might be different or even the opposite to the effect they might have on commercial entrepreneurship.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acs, Z. J. (1984). The changing structure of the U.S. economy. New York: Praeger.
Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, A. R. (2004). A model of the entrepreneurial economy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2(2), 143–166.
Audretsch, D. B., Thurik, A. R., Carree, M. A., van Stel, A. J., & Thurik, A. (2002). Impeded industrial restructuring: The growth penalty. Kyklos, 55(1), 81–98.
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 30(1), 1–22.
Bacq S., Hartog C., Hoogendoorn B. & Lepoutre J. (2011). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: exploring individual and organizational characteristics. Scales Research Reports H201110, EIM Business and Policy Research, The Netherlands.
Baumol, W. J. (1968). Entrepreneurship in economic theory. American Economic Review, 58(2), 64–71.
Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.
Blanchflower, D. G. (2004). Self-employment: More may not be better. Swedish economic policy review, 11(2), 15–74.
Bornstein, D. (2007). How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas (rev. edn.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Borzaga, C., & Defourny, J. (2001). The emergence of social enterprise. London: Routledge.
Bosma, N., & Levie, J. (2010). Global entrepreneurship monitor—2009 executive report. Wellesley, MA: Babson College & London Business School.
Caliendo, M., & Kritikos, A. S. (2008). Is entrepreneurial success predictable? an ex-ante analysis of the character-based approach. Kyklos, 61(2), 189–214.
Carree, M. A., Van Stel, A., Thurik, A. R., & Wennekers, S. (2007). The relationship between economic development and business ownership revisited. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19(3), 281–291.
Casson, M. (1995). Entrepreneurship and business culture. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
Ciavarella, M. A., Buchholtz, A. K., Riodan, C. M., Gatewood, R. D., & Stokes, G. S. (2004). The big five and venture capital survival. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 465–483.
Cowling, M. (2000). Are entrepreneurs different across countries? Applied Economics Letters, 7(12), 785–789.
Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: Why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 36–56.
Dees, J. G. (1998). The meaning of social entrepreneurship, draft report for the Kauffman center for Entrepreneurial leadership. California: Stanford University.
Dees, J. G. (2007). Taking social entrepreneurship seriously. Society, 44(3), 24–31.
Drayton, W. (2002). The citizen sector: Becoming as entrepreneurial and competitive as business. California Management Review, 44(3), 120–132.
Frank, M., & Stough, R. R. (Eds.). (2009). Non-market entrepreneurship: Interdisciplinary approaches. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Greene, F. J., & Storey, D. J. (2008). Enterprise policy: A UK–US comparison. Coventry: CSME, Warwick Business School.
Harding, R. (2006). Social entrepreneurship monitor, United Kingdom 2006. Foundation for entrepreneurial management. London: London Business School/GEM.
Harding, R., & Cowling, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship monitor. London: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.
Haughton, C. (2008). The edge of reason. Director, 61(7), 70–74.
Hayton, J. C., George, G. & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 26(4), 33–53.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hoogendoorn, B., Pennings, E., & Thurik, A. R. (2010). What do we know about social entrepreneurship; an analysis of empirical research. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 71–112.
Hoogendoorn, B. & Hartog, C. (2011). Prevalence and determinants of social entrepreneurship at the macro-level. EIM Research Reports, EIM Business and Policy Research, The Netherlands.
Hoogendoorn, B., Van der Zwan, P., & Thurik R. (2011). Social Entrepreneurship and Performance: The Role of Perceived Barriers and Risk, ERIM report series research in management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), RSM Erasmus University/Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam.
Johnson, S. (2004). Young social entrepreneurs in Canada. New Academy Review, 2, 49–70.
Kerlin, J. A. (2006). Social enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and learning from the differences. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17 (3), 246–62.
Kerlin, J. A. (Ed.). (2009). Social enterprise: A global comparison. Boston: Tufts University Press.
Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty and profit. New York: Houghton-Mifflin.
Koe Hwee Nga J., & Shamuganathan, G. (2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 259–282.
Korosec, R. L., & Berman, E. M. (2006). Municipal support for social entrepreneurship. Public Administration Review, 66(3), 448–462.
Leadbeater, C. (Ed.). (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur. London: Demos.
Leahy, G., & Villeneuve-Smith, F. (2009). State of social enterprise survey. London: Social Enterprise Coalition.
Light, P. C. (2009). Social entrepreneurship revisited. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 7(3), 21–22.
Llewellyn, D. J. & Wilson, K. M. (2003). The controversial role of personality traits in entrepreneurial psychology, Education + Training, 2003, 45(6), 341–345.
Loasby, B. J. (2007). A cognitive perspective on entrepreneurship and the firm. Journal of Management Studies, 44(7), 1078–1106.
Lundström, A., Vikström, P., Fink, M., Crijns, H., Glodek, P., Storey, D., et al. (2013). International comparisons of the costs and coverage of SME and entrepreneurship policy: Sweden, Poland, Austria, UK and the Flanders region of Belgium, Entrepreneurship, Theory & Practice, forthcoming.
Mair, J. & Martí, I. (2004). Social entrepreneurship: what are we talking about? A framework for future research, working paper, IESE Business School, University of Navarra.
Mair, J., & Schoen, O. (2007). Successful social entrepreneurial business models in the context of developing economies: An explorative study. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(1), 54–68.
Mair, J., & Martí, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419–435.
McDonald, R. E. (2007). An investigation of innovation in nonprofit organizations: The role of organizational mission. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36(2), 256–281.
Megre, R., Martins, M. A., & Salvado, C. J. (2012). ES + Methodology: Mapping social entrepreneurship. ACRN Journal of Entrepreneurship Perspectives, 1(1), 97–110.
Nicholls, A. (Ed.). (2006). Social entrepreneurship: New models of sustainable social change. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nyssens, M. (Ed.). (2006). Social enterprise: at the crossroads of markets, public policies and civil society. London: Routledge, Taylor Francis.
Parker, S. C. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: A neoclassical theory. In G. E. Shockley, P. M. Frank, & R. R. Stough (Eds.), Non-market entrepreneurship: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 206–216). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Parker, S. C. (2009). The economics of entrepreneurship. Cambridge: CUP.
Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 56–65.
Prabhu, G. N. (1999). Social entrepreneurial leadership. Career Development International, 4(3), 140–145.
Purdue, D. (2001). Neighbourhood governance: Leadership, trust and social capital. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2211–2224.
Reynolds, P. D., Autio, E., & Hay, M. (2003). Global entrepreneurship monitor report. Kansas City: Kauffmann Foundation.
Salamon, L. M., Sokolowski, S. W. & Anheier, H. K. (2000). Social origins of civil society: An overview (Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 38; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies).
Santos, D. G., Mendonça, J. & Amaral, M. (2011), Social vs. for profit entrepreneurship—quantitative analysis of demography and human capital. paper given at ICSB, Stockholm, 15–18 June.
Shane, S. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship. the individual—opportunity nexus. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
Sharir, M., & Lerner, M. (2006). Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 6–20.
Shaw, E., & Carter, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 14(3), 418–434.
Stevenson, L. & Lundström, A. (2001). Entrepreneurship policy for the future: Best practice components. keynote presentation given at the 46th World Conference of the International Council for Small Business, Taipei. ROC, (Reprint Örebro, The Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research).
Storey, J. D. (2008). Entrepreneurship and SME policy. World Entrepreneurship Forum Studies, 44(7), 1078–1106.
Tan, W. L., Williams, J., & Tan, T. M. (2005). Defining the “social” in “social entrepreneurship”: Altruism and entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship & Management Journal, 1(3), 353–365.
Urban, B. (2008). Social entrepreneurship in South Africa: Delineating the construct with associated skills. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 14(5), 346–364.
Van Ryzin G. G., Grossman S., DiPadova-Stocks L. & Bergrud. E. (2009). Portrait of the social entrepreneur: statistical evidence from a US panel. International Society for Third-Sector Research and John’s Hopkins University.
Vidal, I. (2005). Social enterprise and social inclusion: social enterprises in the sphere of work integration. International Journal of Public Administration, 28(9), 807–825.
Weerawardena, J., & Sullivan Mort, G. (2006). Investigating social entrepreneurship: A multidimensional model. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 21–35.
Wennekers, S., Van Stel, A., Thurik, A. R., & Reynolds, P. D. (2005). Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 293–309.
Williams, D. R. (2004). Youth self-employment: Its nature and consequences. Small Business Economics, 23(4), 323–336.
Yitshaki, M., Lerner, M., & Sharir, M. (2008). What are social ventures? Toward a theoretical framework and empirical examination of successful social ventures. In G. E. Shockley, P. M. Frank, & R. R. Stough (Eds.), Non-market entrepreneurship: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 217–241). Cheltenham: Edgar Elgar.
Yong, L. (2007). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: Leonard personality inventory (LPI) profiling. Malaysia: Leonard Personality Incorporated.
Young, D. R. (2000). Alternative models of government-nonprofit sector relations: Theoretical and international perspectives. Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 29(1), 149–172.
Young, D. R. (2008). A unified theory of social enterprise. In G. E. Shockley, P. M. Frank, & R. R. Stough (Eds.), Non-market entrepreneurship: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 175–192). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519–532.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kachlami, H.M. (2014). The Likely Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship and Policy Implications. In: Lundström, A., Zhou, C., von Friedrichs, Y., Sundin, E. (eds) Social Entrepreneurship. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol 29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01396-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01396-1_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-01395-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-01396-1
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)