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Nahrungsmittelallergien und -UnvertrÄglichkeiten

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Klinische Ernährungsmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen auf Nahrungsmittel können prinzipiell immunologisch oder nicht immunologisch bedingt sein (siehe Abb. 1). Zu den nicht immunologischen Reaktionen zählen toxische Ereignisse (z. B. Nahrungsmittelvergiftung), Enzymdefekte wie bei Laktoseintoleranz, Transportdefekte wie bei der Fruktosemalabsorption, psychische Aversionen, aber auch so genannte pseudoallergische Reaktionen, zu denen etwa die Histaminintoleranz oder eine Überempfindlichkeit auf andere biogene Amine wie Glutamat („China-Restaurant-Syndrom“) zählen. Diese zuletzt genannten Krankheitsbilder sind klinisch mitunter von echten immunologischen Reaktionen, also Allergien, nicht zu unterscheiden, da in beiden Fällen Histamin den zentralen Mediator darstellt. Aus der Symptomatik allein können daher kaum Rückschlüsse auf den Pathomechanismus gezogen werden. Der Unterschied zu echten Allergien liegt darin, dass bei diesen antikörperve rmittelte und antigenspezifische Reaktionen vorliegen.

Klassifizierung von Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten. Nur immunologisch mediierte Reaktionen werden als „allergisch” bezeichnet.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätskliniken Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    a. o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. N. Reider

  2. Department für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie III, Universitätskliniken Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Univ.-Doz. Dr. med. E. Horak

  3. Abteilung für Pädiatrie, Universitätskliniken Innsbruck, Defreggerstr. 27, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Dr. med. B. Morass

  4. Leiter des Floridsdorfer Allergiezentrums, Floridsdorfer Allergiezentrum, Franz-Jonas-Platz 8/6 (Stiege 1), 1210, Wien, Austria

    Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. R. Jarisch

  5. Bezirkskrankenhaus Reutte, Krankenhausstr. 39, 6600, Ehenbichl, Austria

    Dr. med. M. Kerber

  6. ViennaLab Diagnostics GmbH, Gaudenzdorfer Gürtel 43-45, 1120, Wien, Austria

    Dr. C. Oberkanins

  7. Abteilung für Ernährungsmedizin, Universitätskliniken Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Univ.-Doz. Dr. med. M. Ledochowski & B. Datta (Diätologin)

  8. Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Deutschland

    Dr. R. Franz

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  1. a. o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. N. Reider
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  1. Abteilung für Ernährungsmedizin, TILAK — Universitätskliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Maximilian Ledochowski

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Reider, N. et al. (2010). Nahrungsmittelallergien und -UnvertrÄglichkeiten. In: Ledochowski, M. (eds) Klinische Ernährungsmedizin. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-88900-8_15

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