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Self-sovereign Identity for Electric Vehicle Charging

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Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2024)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14585))

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Abstract

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are more and more charged at public Charge Points (CPs) using Plug-and-Charge (PnC) protocols such as the ISO 15118 standard which eliminates user interaction for authentication and authorization. Currently, this requires a rather complex Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and enables driver tracking via the included unique identifiers. In this paper, we propose an approach for using Self-Sovereign Identities (SSIs) as trusted credentials for EV charging authentication and authorization which overcomes the privacy problems and the issues of a complex centralized PKI. Our implementation shows the feasibility of our approach with ISO 15118, meaning that existing roles/features can be supported and that existing timing/size constraints of the ISO standard can be met. The security and privacy of the proposed approach is shown in a formal analysis using the Tamarin prover.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We omit the part for private environments since it is not relevant for our work.

  2. 2.

    Combining credentials, 2018, https://github.com/w3c/vc-data-model/issues/112.

  3. 3.

    DID resolution, W3C, 2021, https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-resolution/.

  4. 4.

    https://github.com/hyperledger/indy-sdk/tree/main/docs/design/002-anoncreds.

  5. 5.

    While it would be possible to generate the Provisioning DID key pair in the EV (similar to [13, 16]) and have the OEM only collect a signature over the steward’s nonce from the EV (which would prevent the EV’s private key material from ever leaving the EV), we believe that this method may result in scalability issues. Additionally, one may assume a secure OEM to EV relation during production (in a controlled environment), which limits the security benefit of exclusive key possession by the EV.

  6. 6.

    https://hyperledger-indy.readthedocs.io/projects/hipe/en/latest/text/0011-cred-revocation/README.html.

  7. 7.

    Hyperledger, 2021, https://www.hyperledger.org.

  8. 8.

    Indy SDK, 2021, https://github.com/hyperledger/indy-sdk#libindy-wrappers.

  9. 9.

    The measurements were performed on a Lenovo Thinkpad T480 with Intel® Core™ i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60 GHz \(\times \) 8, 15.5 GiB Ram, running Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS 64-bit.

  10. 10.

    https://code.fbi.h-da.de/seacop/SSI-PnC-Tamarin.

  11. 11.

    Using a Lenovo ThinkPad T14 Gen 1 with 16GB RAM.

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Acknowledgements

This research work has been partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Hessian Ministry of Higher Education, Research, Science and the Arts within their joint support of the National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - project number 503329135.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DB Systel GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany

    Adrian Kailus

  2. Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany

    Dustin Kern & Christoph Krauß

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  1. Adrian Kailus
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Correspondence to Dustin Kern .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Christina Pöpper

  2. Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Lejla Batina

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Kailus, A., Kern, D., Krauß, C. (2024). Self-sovereign Identity for Electric Vehicle Charging. In: Pöpper, C., Batina, L. (eds) Applied Cryptography and Network Security. ACNS 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14585. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54776-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54776-8_6

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