Abstract
Phenotypic changes in regenerated plants observed from early times of the development of tissue culture methods in 1960s and 1970s, was termed somaclonal variation in 1981. The causes for these changes have been a long-standing interest among plant biologists. In early 1990s, transposition events of endogenous retrotransposon Tos17 were found in regenerated plants from cultured cells of japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. The transposition of Tos17 was recognized as one cause for somaclonal variation. Tos17 prefers genic regions for their transposition. However, contribution of Tos17 transposition for somaclonal variation is estimated to be less than 5% of total phenotypic changes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology enables whole genome sequence analysis of rice individuals. Analysis of genome sequence from regenerated plants by the recently developed software PED (2019) now enables analysis of somaclonal variations appearing as genomic changes of large duplications and deletions and frequent single base mutations, as well as transpositions of Tos17. Because we now are able to know the genomic changes at the nucleotide sequence level using the new genomic analysis tools, detection of high frequency changes of genome in somaclones will contribute significantly to breeding and functional genomics of rice.
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Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Dr. Ilkka Havukkala for critical reading of the manuscript and discussion. I would like to thank Dr. Hirohiko Hirochika. He gave me the opportunity to make the mutant panel using Tos17 retrotransposon found by him. I also thank a lot of people involved in making the mutant panel and giving assistance for analysis. This work was mainly supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan, the Enhancement of Center-of-Excellence, Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology in Japan, and the Program for the Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences.
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Miyao, A. (2024). Somaclonal Variation in Rice: Retrotransposon Tos17 and Structural Variation with NGS Analysis. In: Sánchez-Romero, C. (eds) Somaclonal Variation: Basic and Practical Aspects. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51626-9_11
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