Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of the Welding Current on the Liquid Metal Embrittlement in the Resistance Spot Welded Galvanized DP1180 Advanced High Strength Steel

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
TMS 2024 153rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings (TMS 2024)

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 980 Accesses

Abstract

DP1180 advanced high strength steel (AHSS) used in automobiles is usually protected from corrosion by the Zn-based coating. However, liquid metal embrittlement (LME) tends to occur in galvanized DP1180 steel during the resistance spot welding (RSW) process. This kind of crack is potentially harmful to the load-carrying performance of the involved welded joints. In this paper, the effect of the welding current on the LME in the resistance spot welded galvanized DP1180 steel was comparatively investigated. With the welding current of 10.5 kA, no obvious LME cracks could be observed on the surface of the welding spot. When the current increased to 11.5 kA, the LME cracks were produced, and the longest one was about 56.3 μm. Compared with the first two states, more and longer LME cracks inside or around the spot weld indentation could be observed, and the longest one was 118.2 μm in the specimen with the current of 13.5 kA. Moreover, the results reflected that the increased welding current with the added heat input could produce more and longer LME cracks under the same electrode force. Therefore, appropriate welding current was required to be controlled to suppress the LME in the DP1180 welded joint.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Li HX, Dong FT, Zhou QJ, Shi ZM, Venezuela J, Yan M, Knibbe R, Zhang MX, Atrens A (2022) Influence of hydrogen on the S-N fatigue of DP1180 advanced high-strength steel. Corros Sci 205:110465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Huo MS, Xie HB, Zhang T, Li LJ, Lin F, Chen FH, Liu JB, Yang T, Linton V, Jiang ZY (2023) Microstructure-based modelling of elastoplastic properties and deformation characteristics of advanced high strength dual-phase steel. Met Mater Int 29(4):1052–1066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Vucko F, Ootsuka S, Rioual S, Diler E, Nazarov A, Thierry D (2022) Hydrogen detection in high strength dual phase steel using scanning Kelvin probe technique and XPS analyses. Corros Sci 197:110072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hoang N, Khoa TA, Nhung LT, Phuong PM, Hang TTX, Chi NV, Nguyen TD (2022) Corrosion protection of carbon steel using a combination of Zr conversion coating and subsequent zinc-rich silicate coating with a flake ZnAl alloy. Arabian J Chem 15(6):103815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ghanbari HR, Shariati M, Sanati E, Masoudi Nejad R (2022) Effects of spot welded parameters on fatigue behavior of ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel and hybrid joints. Eng Failure Anal 134:106079

    Google Scholar 

  6. Khaleel HH, Mahmood IA, Khoshnaw F (2023) Fatigue and impact properties of single and double resistance spot welding for high-strength steel used in automotive applications. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 45(3):155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dong WF, Pan H, Lei M, Ding K, Gao YL (2022) Zn penetration and its coupled interaction with the grain boundary during the resistance spot welding of the QP980 steel. Scr Mater 218:114832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ghatei Kalashami A, DiGiovanni C, Razmpoosh MH, Goodwin F, Zhou NY (2020) The effect of silicon content on liquid-metal-embrittlement susceptibility in resistance spot welding of galvanized dual-phase steel. J Manuf Process 57:370–379

    Google Scholar 

  9. Pant P, Rekha MY, Schubert H, Hilpert B, Brewer LN (2023) Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of zinc-coated martensitic sheet steels. Mat Sci Eng A 863:143762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ghatei-Kalashami A, Ghassemali E, DiGiovanni C, Goodwin F, Zhou NY (2021) Occurrence of liquid-metal-embrittlement in a fully ferritic microstructure. Materialia 15:101036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. DiGiovanni C, He L, Pan H, Zhou NY, Biro E (2022) Predicting liquid metal embrittlement severity in resistance spot welding using hot tensile testing data. Weld World 66(9):1705–1714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Song S, Shojaee M, Midawi ARH, Sherepenko O, Ghassemi-Armaki H, Biro E (2023) Influence of expulsion and heat extraction resulting from changes to electrode force on liquid metal embrittlement during resistance spot welding. J Mater Res Technol 23:1458–1470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Proriol Serre I, Vogt JB (2022) Mechanical behavior in liquid lead of Al2O3 coated 15-15Ti steel and an Alumina-forming austenitic steel designed to mitigate their corrosion. Eng Failure Anal 139:106443

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kim JU, Murugan SP, Kim JS, Yook W, Lee CY, Ji C, Jeon JB, Park YD (2021) Liquid metal embrittlement during the resistance spot welding of galvannealed steels: synergy of liquid Zn, α-Fe(Zn) and tensile stress. Sci Technol Weld Join 26(3):196–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wintjes E, DiGiovanni C, He L, Bag S, Goodwin F, Biro E, Zhou Y (2019) Effect of multiple pulse resistance spot welding schedules on liquid metal embrittlement severity. J Manuf Sci E-T ASME 141(10)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Siar O, Dancette S, Dupuy T, Fabregue D (2021) Impact of liquid metal embrittlement inner cracks on the mechanical behavior of 3rd generation advanced high strength steel spot welds. J Mater Res Technol 15:6678–6689

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kim YG, Kim IJ, Kim JS, Chung YI, Choi DY (2014) Evaluation of surface crack in resistance spot welds of Zn-coated steel. Mater Trans 55(1):171–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Frei J, Rethmeier M (2018) Susceptibility of electrolytically galvanized dual-phase steel sheets to liquid metal embrittlement during resistance spot welding. Weld World 62(5):1031–1037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Siar O, Benlatreche Y, Dupuy T, Dancette S, Fabregue D (2020) Effect of severe welding conditions on liquid metal embrittlement of a 3rd-generation advanced high-strength steel. Metals 10(9)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dong WF, Pan H, Lei M, Wang SJ, Ding K, Gao YL (2023) Three-dimension characterization of the liquid metal embrittlement crack in the resistance spot welded joint of the advanced high strength steel. Mater Today Commun 34:105322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Aqra F, Ayyad A (2012) Surface tension (γLV), surface energy (γSV) and crystal-melt interfacial energy (γSL) of metals. Curr Appl Phys 12(1):31–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 52101042 and U1760102) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant no. 2021M702082).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China

    Jiayi Zhou, Yu Sun, Bingjia Wu, Tianhan Hu, Kai Ding & Yulai Gao

  2. Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Metal Parts Green Remanufacture, Shanghai, 200444, China

    Yulai Gao

  3. Automobile Steel Research Institute, R&D Center, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201900, China

    Ming Lei

  4. State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels, Shanghai, 201900, China

    Ming Lei

Authors
  1. Jiayi Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bingjia Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tianhan Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ming Lei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kai Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yulai Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ming Lei , Kai Ding or Yulai Gao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2024 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

    About this paper

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this paper

    Zhou, J. et al. (2024). Effect of the Welding Current on the Liquid Metal Embrittlement in the Resistance Spot Welded Galvanized DP1180 Advanced High Strength Steel. In: TMS 2024 153rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. TMS 2024. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50349-8_79

    Download citation

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation