Abstract
Urolithiasis have become an increasingly common medical problem. While urologists have many tools in their armamentarium for treatment, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remains a first-line treatment for large (≥2 cm) or challenging stones. PCNL bolsters high stone-free rates, but it remains a complex procedure with many nuances. One of the most challenging steps is percutaneous access. Meticulous preparation is involved for PCNL, as surgeons plan the most ideal needle access path. If perfect access is achieved in an efficient manner, this significantly reduces the risks of complications and increases the chance of rendering patients stone-free. Many simulation training modalities exist for PCNL ranging from low-fidelity benchtop models to high-fidelity, validated immersion simulation. In this chapter we review the available simulation platforms for training PCNL procedure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- PCNl:
-
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
- PRA:
-
Percutaneous renal access
- SBE:
-
Simulation-based education
- VR:
-
Virtual reality
- AR:
-
Augmented reality
- MR:
-
Mixed reality
- TEC:
-
Thiel’s-embalmed cadaver
- US:
-
Ultrasound
- PCS:
-
Pelvicalyceal collecting system
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- SFR:
-
Stone-free rates
- SIL:
-
Simulation Innovation Laboratory
- IP:
-
In person
References
Checcucci E, Amparore D, Volpi G, Piramide F, De Cillis S, Piana A, et al. Percutaneous puncture during PCNL: new perspective for the future with virtual imaging guidance. World J Urol. 2022;40(3):639–50.
Chi T, Hathaway L, Chok, R et al. Robotic-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy with the monarch® platform, urology compares favorably against conventional techniques. J Urol 2022;e638.
de la Rosette JJ, Laguna MP, Rassweiler JJ, Conort P. Training in percutaneous nephrolithotomy—A critical review. Eur Urol. 2008;54(5):994–1001.
Farcas M, Reynolds LF, Lee JY. Simulation-based percutaneous renal access training: evaluating a novel 3D immersive virtual reality platform. J Endourol. 2021;35(5):695–9.
Ferraguti F. Augmented reality and robotic-assistance for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In: EEE robotics and automation letters: IEEE; 2020. p. 4556–563.
Ghazi A, Campbell T, Melnyk R, Feng C, Andrusco A, Stone J, et al. Validation of a full-immersion simulation platform for percutaneous nephrolithotomy using three-dimensional printing technology. J Endourol. 2017;31(12):1314–20.
Ghazi A, Melnyk R, Farooq S, Bell A, Holler T, Saba P, et al. Validity of a patient-specific percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) simulated surgical rehearsal platform: impact on patient and surgical outcomes. World J Urol. 2022;40(3):627–37.
Hacker A, Wendt-Nordahl G, Honeck P, Michel MS, Alken P, Knoll T. A biological model to teach percutaneous nephrolithotomy technique with ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided access. J Endourol. 2007;21(5):545–50.
Kallidonis P, Kyriazis I, Vasilas M, Panagopoulos V, Georgiopoulos I, Ozsoy M, et al. Modular training for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: the safe way to go. Arab J Urol. 2015;13(4):270–6.
Klein JT, Rassweiler J, Rassweiler-Seyfried MC. Validation of a novel cost effective easy to produce and durable in vitro model for kidney-puncture and percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy-simulation. J Endourol. 2018;32(9):871–6.
Kozan AA, Chan LH, Biyani CS. Current status of simulation training in urology: a non-systematic review. Res Rep Urol. 2020;12:111–28.
Li H, Chen Y, Liu C, Li B, Xu K, Bao S. Construction of a three-dimensional model of renal stones: comprehensive planning for percutaneous nephrolithotomy and assistance in surgery. World J Urol. 2013;31(6):1587–92.
Mishra S, Kurien A, Ganpule A, Muthu V, Sabnis R, Desai M. Percutaneous renal access training: content validation comparison between a live porcine and a virtual reality (VR) simulation model. BJU Int. 2010;106(11):1753–6.
Mu Y. Development and validation of augmented reality training simulator for ultrasound guided percutaneous renal access. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. Canada: The University of Western Ontario; 2020.
Muller M, Rassweiler MC, Klein J, Seitel A, Gondan M, Baumhauer M, et al. Mobile augmented reality for computer-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2013;8(4):663–75.
Parkhomenko E, O’Leary M, Safiullah S, Walia S, Owyong M, Lin C, et al. Pilot assessment of immersive virtual reality renal models as an educational and preoperative planning tool for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol. 2019;33(4):283–8.
Patterson JM. Simulation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In: Practical simulation in urology. Cham: Springer; 2022.
Porpiglia F, Checcucci E, Amparore D, Peretti D, Piramide F, De Cillis S, et al. Percutaneous kidney puncture with three-dimensional mixed-reality hologram guidance: from preoperative planning to intraoperative navigation. Eur Urol. 2022;81(6):588–97.
Rassweiler JJ, Müller M, Fangerau M, Klein J, Goezen AS, Pereira P, et al. iPad-assisted percutaneous access to the kidney using marker-based navigation: initial clinical experience. Eur Urol. 2012;61(3):628–31.
Rassweiler-Seyfried MC, Rassweiler JJ, Weiss C, Muller M, Meinzer HP, Maier-Hein L, et al. iPad-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): a matched pair analysis compared to standard PCNL. World J Urol. 2020;38(2):447–53.
Ryu WHA, Dharampal N, Mostafa AE, Sharlin E, Kopp G, Jacobs WB, et al. Systematic review of patient-specific surgical simulation: toward advancing medical education. J Surg Educ. 2017;74(6):1028–38.
Sarmah P, Voss J, Ho A, Veneziano D, Somani B. Low versus high fidelity: the importance of ‘realism’ in the simulation of a stone treatment procedure. Curr Opin Urol. 2017;27(4):316–22.
Saxton A, Shepard L, Holler T, Wanderling C, Schuler N, Lee A, et al. Evaluation of mixed reality (MR) technologies for remote guidance during ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous renal access simulation: a prospective, randomized comparative trial. AUA; 2023.
Song Y, Ma Y, Fei X. Evaluating the learning curve for percutaneous nephrolithotomy under total ultrasound guidance. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8): e0132986.
Veneziano D, Smith A, Reihsen T, Speich J, Sweet RM. The SimPORTAL fluoro-less C-arm trainer: an innovative device for percutaneous kidney access. J Endourol. 2015;29(2):240–5.
Vijayakumar M, Balaji S, Singh A, Ganpule A, Sabnis R, Desai M. A novel biological model for training in percutaneous renal access. Arab J Urol. 2019;17(4):292–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wanderling, C., Li, A., Saxton, A., Veneziano, D., Ghazi, A. (2023). Training and Simulation Models in PCNL. In: Denstedt, J.D., Liatsikos, E.N. (eds) Percutaneous Renal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40542-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40542-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-40541-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-40542-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)