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Fluoride Pollution in Subsurface Water: Challenges and Opportunities

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Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 125 ))

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Abstract

Fluoride contamination in groundwater is one of the drinking water crisis globally. Although its presence is necessary in small quantities, it is harmful to humans with intakes of more than 1.5 mg L−1 through contaminated drinking water due to geological factors and geochemical processes. A high fluoride content in drinking water results in skeletal fluorosis, as well as long-term liver, kidney, and brain damage. One of the most crucial challenges for drinking water safety is the management of fluoride pollution and fluorosis. To reduce the probability of fluorosis, it is essential to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the presence of fluoride in the chemistry of subsurface water and the ability to identify high-risk locations using geographic data and remote sensing. The utilization of other sources of water or mixing should be prioritized. The development of stable technologies and integrated devices that are efficient, affordable, and manageable, as well as fundamental research on defluoridation reagents and novel materials, should receive significant amount of focus. To achieve stable gains, the design, construction, operation, and monitoring of defluoridation facilities should be thoroughly evaluated and improved. This chapter highlights the extent of fluoride contamination, the effect of fluoride contamination on human health, and the available defluoridation methods.

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author is grateful to the DAIC, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Govt. of India for providing financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India

    Sonam Gupta

  2. CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India

    Nivedita Mishra

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, 382355, India

    Ankit Kumar

  4. Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

  5. Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413310, Taiwan

    Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

  6. Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

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Correspondence to Sonam Gupta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

  2. Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India

    Saba Shirin

  3. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Vijay P. Singh

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Gupta, S., Mishra, N., Kumar, A., Yadav, A.K. (2023). Fluoride Pollution in Subsurface Water: Challenges and Opportunities. In: Yadav, A.K., Shirin, S., Singh, V.P. (eds) Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 125 . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38845-3_2

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