Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships within polystomatids have been extensively studied for the past 20 years by means of several molecular markers, including 18S and 28S rRNA slow-evolving genes to explore deepest evolutionary nodes, and 12S rRNA, COI and ITS1 fast-evolving genes and intergene to investigate recent ones. In this chapter, we underline all the main results that were published on the evolution of these platyhelminthes, among others those which concern the origin and evolution of the earliest polystomatids, the chelonian polystomes and Oculotrema hippopotami Stunkard, 1924 which is the single polystome species infecting a mammal. Emphasis is also placed on the modes of diversification of amphibian polystomes, on the phylogeography of Polystoma Zeder, 1800, which is the most widespread genus and on the origin and evolution of polystomes infecting Madagascan frogs. Finally, we discussed very recent polystome dispersals following host switching resulting from the international turtle pet trade.
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Notes
- 1.
Ptychadena mascareniensis is considered today a complex species including two species and ten operational taxonomic units (Zimkus et al. 2017).
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du Preez, L.H., Landman, W.J., Verneau, O. (2023). Insights into the Origin and Evolution of the Polystomatidae. In: Polystomatid Flatworms . Zoological Monographs, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35887-6_7
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