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Black Pepper

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Essentials of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops

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Abstract

Spices are significant part of many meals in the world due to their aroma, taste and color for many decades. Black pepper (P. nigrum) is known as the “King of spices” owing to its antimicrobial, anti-pyretic, anti-cancerous, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, cardio protective, anti-convulsive and hepato-protective properties. Black pepper is one of the top-notch spices & hold enormous trading shares in the international market due to its high demand in different regions of the world. Black pepper and its derivatives such as piperine, essential oil, methanol extract, acetic acid extract, chloroform and ether extract demonstrated aforementioned properties of P. nigrum. Black pepper along with its derivatives have been documented to fight against different malignancies such as colon, prostate, breast and fibrosarcoma cancer. Black pepper has been found to demonstrate potential scavenging action against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ethanolic and hexane extracts of black pepper has been documented to show substantial pain alleviating actions, thus acting as strong analgesic candidate. Bioactive components of black peppers are extensively used in improving cognitive functioning as well as regulating the motor coordination of brain. Essential oils of black pepper are used as preservative agents for different food packaging as well as used in perfumes due to their aroma. The cultivation of black pepper is increasing day by day despite the several challenges. This chapter will discuss all the possible aspects of black pepper and its pharmacological activities.

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  1. Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Umar Ijaz & Muhammad Faisal Hayat

  2. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Asma Ashraf

  3. Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ishrat Rahman

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  2. Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper, Pakistan

    Muhammad Riaz

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Ijaz, M.U., Hayat, M.F., Ashraf, A., Rahman, I. (2023). Black Pepper. In: Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Abdulkreem AL-Huqail, A., Riaz, M., Farooq Gohar, U. (eds) Essentials of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35403-8_12

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