Abstract
Humans have put enormous strain on groundwater around the world, in terms of both quantity and quality. The leaching of industrial solids has primarily affected groundwater quality in the industrial area. The groundwater quality around the Bandel Thermal Power Station (BTPS) was investigated using 47 samples obtained from a tube well in November 2020. The objectives of the study were to use multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the spatial variation in groundwater quality and the impact of distance from BTPS and its ash pond on adjacent groundwater quality. To determine the overall water quality, the water quality index (WQI) has been developed. The groundwater quality data were assessed on eight parameters within a 5-km buffer radius from the BTPS using MANOVA, cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and ANOVA. In comparison with the allowed limit (BIS, 2012), the average concentration of iron, hardness, electrical conductivity, and turbidity were higher at this time, although pH, Mn, and chloride were lower at this time. Between 1 and 3 km, as well as 1 and 4 km distance, the MANOVA statistically significantly draws the influence of distance on the mean concentration of iron, hardness, turbidity, conductivity, and TDS. The high- and low-pollution samples, as well as the discriminant left and right bank samples of the Hooghly River, were clearly clustered using a two-step cluster analysis with Mn as the most relevant parameter. According to discriminant analysis, conductivity was the most influential component in groundwater variation according to distance. Furthermore, a one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in WQI between 1-, 3-, 4-, and 5-km buffer distances, as well as a lower mean water quality index value at 1-km buffer distance compared to the rest. There is not a single sample, which has excellent quality. 36.17% of the sample was rated as good, 31.91% as poor, 19.15% as extremely poor, and 12.77% as unfit for consumption, respectively. The study also found that the water quality improved near the ash pond and BTPS because of regular dredging and collecting of ash from the ash pond, as well as no dry ash disposal on the ground.
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This article is one of the outputs of a research undertaking by the Dept. of Geography in collaboration with Dept. of Economics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, India, funded by the ICSSR, New Delhi (G-30/2017–18/ICSSR/RP dated March 27, 2018), and Ph.D. research by Somnath Mandal. Funding source(s) had no such involvement to give funds for publication purposes.
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Mandal, S., Bhattacharya, S., Paul, S. (2023). Developmental Project (Bandel Thermal Power Station) and Its Impact on Groundwater: An Empirical Study from an Indian Perspective. In: Sahu, A.S., Das Chatterjee, N. (eds) Environmental Management and Sustainability in India. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31399-8_11
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