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Oral Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Lesions

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Abstract

OLP is an immune-inflammatory reaction involving the oral mucosa. Many immunomodulating agents have been proposed and employed for the treatment of this potentially malignant disorder. Topical corticosteroids are universally recognized as first-line treatment of symptomatic OLP/OLL, whereas systemic corticosteroids may have mainly three clinical indications: (1) initial OLP with severe and/or diffuse ulcer-erosive lesions, (2) treatment of resistant/recalcitrant forms, or (3) treatment of resistant/recalcitrant LP involving different districts of the body. Calcineurin inhibitors stand out, in particular tacrolimus, which can constitute valid alternatives or second-line therapies compared to corticosteroids. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of retinoids, mostly topically. However, their efficacy appears to be less than that of corticosteroids and other immunomodulating agents. Some nutraceutical agents have also been proposed to support OLP treatment. Monoclonal antibodies could be indicated in refractory OLP treatment, but side effects should be monitored. Different non-pharmacological approaches have been also discussed in this chapter: psychiatric therapy, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), conventional surgery, cryotherapy, and phototherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Gaetano Isola, Simona Santonocito, Rosalia Leonardi & Alessandro Polizzi

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Isola, G., Santonocito, S., Leonardi, R., Polizzi, A. (2023). Therapy. In: Oral Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Lesions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29765-6_6

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