Abstract
Preoxygenation during induction of general anesthesia and tracheal intubation, or during intubation/re-intubation in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (HARF), has become a widely accepted safety maneuver designed to counterbalance the effect of apnea with general anesthesia as well as the effect of shunts in patients with acute respiratory distress [1, 2]. The goal of preoxygenation is to increase oxygen reserve and thereby delay the onset of arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation to achieve safe tracheal intubation conditions for initiation of mechanical ventilation. In a report of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Task force on management of the difficult airway, “routine” preoxygenation was endorsed as a new “minimum” standard of care not only during induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation but also during emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation [2].
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Abbreviations
- APRF:
-
Acute postoperative respiratory failure
- ASA:
-
American Society of Anesthesiologists
- BiPAP:
-
Bilevel positive airway pressure
- COT:
-
Conventional oxygen therapy
- EPAP:
-
Expiratory positive airway pressure
- FeO2:
-
Fraction of expired oxygen
- FiO2:
-
Fraction of inspired oxygen
- FRC:
-
Functional residual capacity
- HARF:
-
Hypoxemic acute respiratory failure
- HFNC:
-
High flow nasal cannula
- IPAP:
-
Inspiratory positive airway pressure
- NIV:
-
Noninvasive ventilation
- OSA:
-
Obstructive sleep apnea
- PEEP:
-
Positive end expiratory pressure
- SaO2:
-
Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation
- SpO2:
-
Pulse oxyhemoglobin saturation
- V/Q:
-
Ventilation-to-perfusion ratio
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El-Khatib, M.F. (2023). Noninvasive Ventilation as a Preoxygenation. In: Esquinas, A.M. (eds) Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28963-7_54
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28963-7_54
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