Abstract
Evidence regarding the effects of leadership style on multiple employee and company outcomes is reviewed. This emphasises issues regarding the quality of study designs and operationalisation of the key constructs such as how many leadership types there are. These issues weaken some of the arguments as does the overreliance on correlational methods and self-report data. The chapter shows that some forms of leadership (autocratic, laissez faire, punitive) are extremely detrimental to staff health and well-being. Conversely, it shows that leadership styles such as transformational and more relational leadership forms have consistent benefits.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AACN Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments. (2005). A journey to excellence. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. (May;14(3), pp. 187–197). PMID: 15840893.
AACN Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments. (2016). A Journey to excellence (2nd ed., pp. 187–197). American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.
Abbasi, S. G. (2018). Leadership styles: Moderating impact on job stress and health. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 2018, 1–11.
Ågotnes, K. W., Einarsen, S. V., Hetland, J., & Skogstad, A. (2018). The moderating effect of laissez-faire leadership on the relationship between co-worker conflicts and new cases of workplace bullying: A true prospective design. Human Resource Management Journal, 28, 555–568.
Alam, J., Mendelson, M., Boamah, M. I., & Gauthier, M. (2022). Exploring the antecedents of employee engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis.
Albendin-García, L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., Ramírez-Baena, L., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., & De la Fuente-Solana, E. I. (2021). Prevalence, related factors, and levels of burnout among midwives: A systematic review. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 66(1), 24–44.
Allen, B. C., Holland, P., & Reynolds, R. (2015). The effect of bullying on burnout in nurses: the moderating role of psychological detachment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71, 381–390.
Andersen, J. A. (2018). Servant leadership and transformational leadership: From comparisons to farewells. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39, 762–774.
Andrews, D. R., Richard, D. C., Robinson, P., Celano, P., & Hallaron, J. (2012). The influence of staff nurse perception of leadership style on satisfaction with leadership: A cross-sectional survey of pediatric nurses. International journal of nursing studies, 49, 1103–1111.
Apostel, E., Syrek, C. J., & Antoni, C. H. (2018). Turnover intention as a response to illegitimate tasks: The moderating role of appreciative leadership. International Journal of Stress Management, 25, 234–249.
Aquino, K., & Thau, S. (2009). Workplace victimization: Aggression from the target’s perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 717–741.
Arnold, K. A. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381–393.
Arnold, K. A., & Connelly, C. E. (2013). Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: Effects on followers and leaders. In The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the psychology of leadership, change, and organizational development (pp. 175–194). Wiley.
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ). Mind Garden, 29.
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 441–462.
Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 315–338.
Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 801–823.
Babcock-Roberson, M. E., & Strickland, O. J. (2010). The relationship between charismatic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Journal of Psychology, 144, 313–326.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 273–285.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 43, 83–104.
Banks, G. C., Gooty, J., Ross, R. L., Williams, C. E., & Harrington, N. T. (2018). Construct redundancy in leader behaviors: A review and agenda for the future. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 236–251.
Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27, 634–652.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.
Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the transactional–transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychologist, 52, 130–139.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
Bormann, K. C., & Rowold, J. (2018). Construct proliferation in leadership style research: Reviewing pro and contra arguments. Organizational Psychology Review, 8, 149–173.
Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 998–1012.
Bratt, M. M., Broome, M., Kelber, S. T., & Lostocco, L. (2000). Influence of stress and nursing leadership on job satisfaction of pediatric intensive care unit nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 9, 307–317.
Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Daily job demands and employee work engagement: The role of daily transformational leadership behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23, 338–349.
Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Sleebos, D. M., & Maduro, V. (2014). Uncovering the underlying relationship between transformational leaders and followers’ task performance. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 13, 194–203.
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 595–616.
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117–134.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.
Caesens, G., Stinglhamber, F., Demoulin, S., & De Wilde, M. (2017). Perceived organizational support and employees’ well-being: The mediating role of organizational dehumanization. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 527–540.
Chidester, T. R., Helmreich, R. L., Gregorich, S. E., & Geis, C. E. (1991). Pilot personality and crew coordination: Implications for training and selection. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1, 25–44.
Chughtai, A., Byrne, M., & Flood, B. (2015). Linking ethical leadership to employee well-being: The role of trust in supervisor. Journal of Business Ethics, 128, 653–663.
Cummings, G. G., MacGregor, T., Davey, M., Lee, H., Wong, C. A., Lo, E., Muise, M., & Stafford, E. (2010). Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 363–385.
Cummings, G. G., Tate, K., Lee, S., Wong, C. A., Paananen, T., Micaroni, S. P., & Chatterjee, G. E. (2018). Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 85, 19–60.
Dansereau, F., Jr., Cashman, J., & Graen, G. (1973). Instrumentality theory and equity theory as complementary approaches in predicting the relationship of leadership and turnover among managers. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 10, 184–200.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499–512.
Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C., & van den Heuvel, M. (2019). Job crafting interventions: Do they work and why? In Positive psychological intervention design and protocols for multi-cultural contexts (pp. 103–125). Springer.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.
Edmondson, A. C. (1996). Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organizational influences on the detection and correction of human error. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 5–28.
Edmondson, A. C. (2004). Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organizational influences on the detection and correction of human error. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40, 66–90.
Elçi, M., Şener, İ., Aksoy, S., & Alpkan, L. (2012). The impact of ethical leadership and leadership effectiveness on employees’ turnover intention: The mediating role of work related stress. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 289–297.
Erskine, J. A. K., & Georgiou, G. J. (2018). Leadership styles: Employee stress, well-being, productivity, turnover and absenteeism. In Ph. Fauquet-Alekhine (ed.) Understanding stress at work. Larsen editions. http://hayka-kultura.org/larsen.html
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research: The leadership quarterly yearly review for 2019. The Leadership Quarterly, 30, 111–132.
Faragher, E. B., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62, 105–112.
Faragher, E. B., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2013). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: a meta-analysis. In From stress to wellbeing volume 1 (pp. 254–271). Palgrave Macmillan.
Farquharson, B., Bell, C., Johnston, D., Jones, M., Schofield, P., Allan, J., Ricketts, I., Morrison, K., & Johnston, M. (2013). Nursing stress and patient care: Real-time investigation of the effect of nursing tasks and demands on psychological stress, physiological stress, and job performance: Study protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69, 2327–2335.
Fauquet-Alekhine, P., Geeraerts, T., & Rouillac, L. (2014). Characterization of anesthetists’ behavior during simulation training: Performance versus stress achieving medical tasks with or without physical effort. Psychology and Social Behavior Research, 2(2), 20–28.
Fernet, C., Trépanier, S. G., Austin, S., Gagné, M., & Forest, J. (2015). Transformational leadership and optimal functioning at work: On the mediating role of employees’ perceived job characteristics and motivation. Work & Stress, 29, 11–31.
Firth-Cozens, J. (2001). Interventions to improve physicians’ well-being and patient care. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 215–222.
Firth-Cozens, J., & Mowbray, D. (2001). Leadership and the quality of care. BMJ Quality & Safety, 10(Suppl. 2), ii3–ii7.
Force, M. V. (2005). The relationship between effective nurse managers and nursing retention. Journal of Nursing Administration, 35, 336–341.
Francioli, L., Conway, P. M., Hansen, Å. M., Holten, A. L., Grynderup, M. B., Persson, R., Mikkelsen, E. G., Costa, G., & Høgh, A. (2018). Quality of leadership and workplace bullying: The mediating role of social community at work in a two-year follow-up study. Journal of Business Ethics, 147, 889–899.
French, J. R., Caplan, R. D., & Van Harrison, R. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain (Vol. 7). J. Wiley.
Fuller, B., Bajaba, A., & Bajaba, S. (2022). Enhancing and extending the meta-analytic comparison of newer genre leadership forms. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 872568.
Gardner, W. L., Karam, E. P., Alvesson, M., & Einola, K. (2021). Authentic leadership theory: The case for and against. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 101495.
Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-Analytic review of leader–member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 827.
Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., & Reaiche, C. (2015). The emerging role of transformational leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49, 459–467.
Glambek, M., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2015). Take it or leave: A five-year prospective study of workplace bullying and indicators of expulsion in working life. Industrial Health, 53, 160–170.
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6, 219–247.
Grant, A. M., Christianson, M. K., & Price, R. H. (2007). Happiness, health, or relationships? Managerial practices and employee well-being trade-offs. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21, 51–63.
Grant, P., & McGhee, P. (2021). Hedonic versus (true) eudaimonic well-being in organizations. In The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-being (pp. 925–943). Palgrave Macmillan.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. Paulist Press.
Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 293–319.
Harms, P. D., Credé, M., Tynan, M., Leon, M., & Jeung, W. (2017). Leadership and stress: A meta-analytic review. The Leadership Quarterly, 28, 178–194.
Harms, P. D., & Spain, S. M. (2015). Beyond the bright side: Dark personality at work. Applied Psychology, 64, 15–24.
Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 382–394). Oxford University Press.
Hauge, L. J., Einarsen, S., Knardahl, S., Lau, B., Notelaers, G., & Skogstad, A. (2011). Leadership and role stressors as departmental level predictors of workplace bullying. International Journal of Stress Management, 18, 305–323.
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44, 501–529.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. University of California Press.
Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., Chu, C., Plans, D., & Gerbasi, A. (2018). Leadership behavior and employee well-being: An integrated review and a future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 179–202.
Jaroliya, D., & Gyanchandani, R. (2021). Transformational leadership style: A boost or hindrance to team performance in IT sector. Vilakshan-XIMB Journal of Management.
Jiménez, P., Winkler, B., & Bregenzer, A. (2017). Developing sustainable workplaces with leadership: Feedback about organizational working conditions to support leaders in health-promoting behavior. Sustainability, 9, 1944.
Kaluza, A. J., Boer, D., Buengeler, C., & van Dick, R. (2020). Leadership behaviour and leader self-reported well-being: A review, integration and meta-analytic examination. Work & Stress, 34(1), 34–56.
Kelloway, E. K., Sivanathan, N., Francis, L., & Barling, J. (2005). Poor leadership. In I. J. Barling, E. K. Kelloway, & M. R. Frone (Eds.), Handbook of work stress (pp. 89–112). Sage.
Kelly, R. J., & Hearld, L. R. (2020). Burnout and leadership style in behavioral health care: A literature review. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 47(4), 581–600.
Kim, D., Moon, C. W., & Shin, J. (2018). Linkages between empowering leadership and subjective well-being and work performance via perceived organizational and co-worker support. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39, 844–858.
Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2020). Empowering leadership: Leading people to be present through affective organizational commitment? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31, 1–28.
Koinig, I., & Diehl, S. (2021). Healthy leadership and workplace health promotion as a pre-requisite for organizational health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9260.
Labrague, L. J., McEnroe-Petitte, D. M., Leocadio, M. C., Van Bogaert, P., & Cummings, G. G. (2018). Stress and ways of coping among nurse managers: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27, 1346–1359.
Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., & Grau, A. L. (2012). The influence of authentic leadership on newly graduated nurses’ experiences of workplace bullying, burnout and retention outcomes: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49, 1266–1276.
Lawal, O. A., & Babalola, S. S. (2017). Moderating roles of leadership effectiveness and job stress on relationship between paternalism and leadership-induced stress. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 9, 1–10.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Coping and adaptation. In W. D. Gentry (Ed.), The Handbook of behavioral medicine (pp. 282–325). Guilford.
Lee, J. J., & Ok, C. (2012). Reducing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction: Critical role of hotel employees’ emotional intelligence and emotional labor. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 1101–1112.
Lee, M. C. C., Idris, M. A., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2017). The linkages between hierarchical culture and empowering leadership and their effects on employees’ work engagement: Work meaningfulness as a mediator. International Journal of Stress Management, 24, 392–415.
Lemoine, G. J., Hartnell, C. A., & Leroy, H. (2019). Taking stock of moral approaches to leadership: An integrative review of ethical, authentic, and servant leadership. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 148–187.
Li, P., Sun, J. M., Taris, T. W., Xing, L., & Peeters, M. C. (2021). Country differences in the relationship between leadership and employee engagement: A meta-analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(1), 101458.
Liden, R. C., & Antonakis, J. (2009). Considering context in psychological leadership research. Human Relations, 62, 1587–1605.
Liden, R. C., Sparrowe, R. T., & Wayne, S. J. (1997). Leader-member exchange theory: The past and potential for the future. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 15, 47–120.
Liu, J., Kwan, H. K., Fu, P. P., & Mao, Y. (2013). Ethical leadership and job performance in China: The roles of workplace friendships and traditionality. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86, 564–584.
Liu, J., Siu, O. L., & Shi, K. (2010). Transformational leadership and employee well-being: The mediating role of trust in the leader and self-efficacy. Applied Psychology, 59, 454–479.
Lovelace, K. J., Manz, C. C., & Alves, J. C. (2007). Work stress and leadership development: The role of self-leadership, shared leadership, physical fitness and flow in managing demands and increasing job control. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 374–387.
Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. J. (2003). Authentic leadership: A positive developmental approach. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship (pp. 241–261).
Lyons, J. B., & Schneider, T. R. (2009). The effects of leadership style on stress outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 20, 737–748.
MacKay, C. J., Cousins, R., Kelly, P. J., Lee, S., & McCaig, R. H. (2004). “Management Standards” and work-related stress in the UK: Policy background and science. Work & Stress, 18, 91–112.
Madlock, P. E. (2008). The link between leadership style, communicator competence, and employee satisfaction. The Journal of Business Communication, 1973(45), 61–78.
Malik, M. S., Sattar, S., & Yaqub, R. M. S. (2018). Mediating role of psychological contract breach between workplace bullying, organizational commitment & employee turnover intentions. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 12, 935–952.
Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., & Epitropaki, O. (2016). Leader–member exchange (LMX) and performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 69, 67–121.
Maslach, C. (1978). Job burnout: How people cope. Public Welfare, 36, 56–58.
Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout: New directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 189–192.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422.
Mauno, S., Ruokolainen, M., Kinnunen, U., & De Bloom, J. (2016). Emotional labour and work engagement among nurses: examining perceived compassion, leadership and work ethic as stress buffers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72, 1169–1181.
Mayer, D. M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R. L., & Kuenzi, M. (2012). Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 151–171.
McMahan, E. A., & Estes, D. (2011). Hedonic versus eudaimonic conceptions of well-being: Evidence of differential associations with self-reported well-being. Social Indicators Research, 103, 93–108.
McVicar, A. (2003). Workplace stress in nursing: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44, 633–642.
Montano, D., Reeske, A., Franke, F., & Hüffmeier, J. (2017). Leadership, followers’ mental health and job performance in organizations: A comprehensive meta-analysis from an occupational health perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 327–350.
Moriano, J. A., Molero, F., Laguía, A., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2021). Security providing leadership: A job resource to prevent employees’ burnout. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12551.
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017). The malevolent side of human nature: A meta-analysis and critical review of the literature on the dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 183–204.
Nayomi, W. V. P. N. (2016). Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. “Social Statistics,”. Journal of Social Statistics, 03, 47–53.
Nielsen, K., & Daniels, K. (2012). Does shared and differentiated transformational leadership predict followers’ working conditions and well-being? The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 383–397.
Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (2012). Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: A meta-analytic review. Work & Stress, 26, 309–332.
Park, J. H., & Ono, M. (2017). Effects of workplace bullying on work engagement and health: The mediating role of job insecurity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28, 3202–3225.
Piccolo, R. F., Greenbaum, R., Hartog, D. N. D., & Folger, R. (2010). The relationship between ethical leadership and core job characteristics. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 259–278.
Pishgooie, A. H., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., Falcó-Pegueroles, A., & Lotfi, Z. (2019). Correlation between nursing managers’ leadership styles and nurses’ job stress and anticipated turnover. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(3), 527–534.
Quick, J., & Henderson, D. (2016). Occupational stress: Preventing suffering, enhancing wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 459.
Quick, J. C., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). Stress and strain. Health Press.
Quinn, R. E., & Rohrbaugh, J. (1983). A spatial model of effectiveness criteria: Towards a competing values approach to organizational analysis. Management Science, 29(3), 363–377.
Rahimnia, F., & Sharifirad, M. S. (2015). Authentic leadership and employee well-being: The mediating role of attachment insecurity. Journal of Business Ethics, 132, 363–377.
Ram, P., & Prabhakar, G. V. (2010). Leadership styles and perceived organizational politics as predictors of work related outcomes. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15, 40–55.
Resick, C. J., Hanges, P. J., Dickson, M. W., & Mitchelson, J. K. (2006). A cross-cultural examination of the endorsement of ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 63, 345–359.
Rivers, J., Thompson, N., & Jeske, D. (2018). Dedicated but exhausted? The role of ethical leadership for employee wellbeing in UK student unions. Journal of Human Resource Management, XXI, 16–27.
Robert, V., & Vandenberghe, C. (2022, July). Laissez-faire Leadership and turnover: The role of employee’s organizational identity threat. In Academy of management proceedings. Academy of Management.
Salem, I. E. B. (2015). Transformational leadership: Relationship to job stress and job burnout in five-star hotels. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 15, 240–253.
Sarros, J. C., Tanewski, G. A., Winter, R. P., Santora, J. C., & Densten, I. L. (2002). Work alienation and organizational leadership. British Journal of Management, 13, 285–304.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Peeters, M. C. (2000). Job stress and burnout among correctional officers: A literature review. International Journal of Stress Management, 7, 19–48.
Schmidt, B., Herr, R. M., Jarczok, M. N., Baumert, J., Lukaschek, K., Emeny, R. T., Landwig, K., & Investigators, K. O. R. A. (2018). Lack of supportive leadership behavior predicts suboptimal self-rated health independent of job strain after 10 years of follow-up: Findings from the population-based MONICA/KORA study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 91, 623–631.
Schyns, B., & Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 138–158.
Selye, H. (1959). Perspectives in stress research. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 2, 403–416.
Sendjaya, S., Pekerti, A., Härtel, C., Hirst, G., & Butarbutar, I. (2016). Are authentic leaders always moral? The role of Machiavellianism in the relationship between authentic leadership and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 133, 125–139.
Setiawan, R., Cavaliere, L. P. L., Navarro, E. R., Wisetsri, W., Jirayus, P., Chauhan, S., Tabuena, A. C., & Rajan, R. (2021). The impact of leadership styles on employees productivity in organizations: A comparative study among leadership styles. Productivity Management, 26(1), 382–404.
Shaffer, J. A., DeGeest, D., & Li, A. (2016). Tackling the problem of construct proliferation: A guide to assessing the discriminant validity of conceptually related constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 19, 80–110.
Shirey, M. R. (2006). Authentic leaders creating healthy work environments for nursing practice. American Journal of Critical Care, 15, 256–267.
Shirey, M. R. (2009). Authentic leadership, organizational culture, and healthy work environments. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 32, 189–198.
Skakon, J., Nielsen, K., Borg, V., & Guzman, J. (2010). Are leaders’ well-being, behaviours and style associated with the affective well-being of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work & Stress, 24, 107–139.
Smith, T. D., Hughes, K., DeJoy, D. M., & Dyal, M. A. (2018). Assessment of relationships between work stress, work-family conflict, burnout and firefighter safety behavior outcomes. Safety Science, 103, 287–292.
Sow, M., Murphy, J., & Osuoha, R. (2017). The relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction in the US healthcare industry. Management and Economics Research Journal, 3, 1–10.
Steffens, N. K., Peters, K., Haslam, S. A., & van Dick, R. (2017). Dying for charisma: Leaders’ inspirational appeal increases post-mortem. The Leadership Quarterly, 28, 530–542.
Steffens, N. K., Yang, J., Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., & Lipponen, J. (2018). The unfolding impact of leader identity entrepreneurship on burnout, work engagement, and turnover intentions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23, 373–387.
Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F., & Patterson, K. (2003). Transformational versus servant leadership—a difference in leader focus. The Leadership & Organisational Development Journal, 25, 349–361.
Sy, T., Horton, C., & Riggio, R. (2018). Charismatic leadership: Eliciting and channeling follower emotions. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 58–69.
Syed, O. R., Gilal, A. R., Gilal, M. Y., Abro, R. A., Abbass, H., Soomro, A. W., & Yuting, Y. (2021). Influence of leadership styles on motivation and productivity of employees: A study on Chinese it firms. University of Sindh Journal of Information and Communication Technology.
Top, S., Öge, E., Atan, Ö., & Gümüş, S. (2015). Investigation relational levels of intensity between paternalistic and servant leadership styles and national culture, organizational commitment and subordinate responses or reactions to the leaders style. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 12–22.
Treviño, L. K., Brown, M., & Hartman, L. P. (2003). A qualitative investigation of perceived executive ethical leadership: Perceptions from inside and outside the executive suite. Human Relations, 56, 5–37.
Ulrich, B., Barden, C., Cassidy, L., & Varn-Davis, N. (2019). Critical care nurse work environments 2018: Findings and implications. Critical Care Nurse, 39, 67–84.
Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 37, 1228–1261.
Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 544–562.
Vanhoutte, B., & Nazroo, J. (2014). Cognitive, affective and eudemonic well-being in later life: Measurement equivalence over gender and life stage. Sociological Research Online, 19, 1–14.
Warshawsky, N. E., & Havens, D. S. (2014). Nurse manager job satisfaction and intent to leave. Nursing Economic, 32, 32–39.
Weberg, D. (2010). Transformational leadership and staff retention: An evidence review with implications for healthcare systems. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 34, 246–258.
Weiss, M., Razinskas, S., Backmann, J., & Hoegl, M. (2018). Authentic leadership and leaders’ mental well-being: An experience sampling study. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 309–321.
Wu, A., Roemer, E. C., Kent, K. B., Ballard, D. W., & Goetzel, R. Z. (2021). Organizational best practices supporting mental health in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(12), e925.
Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 285–305.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Erskine, J., Georgiou, G. (2023). Leadership Styles: Work Stress, Related Outcomes and Health . In: Fauquet-Alekhine, P., Erskine, J. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Occupational Stress. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27349-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27349-0_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-27348-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-27349-0
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)