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Smart Nanocarrier-Based Cancer Therapeutics

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Therapeutic Approaches in Cancer Treatment

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 185))

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Abstract

Considerable advances in the field of cancer have been made; however, these have not been translated into similar clinical progress which results in the high prevalence and increased cancer-related mortality rate worldwide. Available treatments have several challenges such as off-target side effects, non-specific long-term potential biodisruption, drug resistance, and overall inadequate response rates and high probability of recurrence. The limitations associated with independent cancer diagnosis and therapy can be minimized by an emerging interdisciplinary research field of nanotheranostics which include successful integration of diagnosis and therapy on a single agent using nanoparticles. This may offer a powerful tool in developing innovative strategies to enable “personalized medicine” for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles have been proven to be powerful imaging tools or potent agents for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The nanotheranostic provides minimally invasive in vivo visualization of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site with real-time monitoring of therapeutic outcome. This chapter intends to cover several important aspects and the advances in the field of nanoparticles-mediated cancer therapeutics including nanocarrier development, drug/gene delivery, intrinsically active nanoparticles, tumor microenvironment, and nanotoxicity. The chapter represents an overview of challenges associated with cancer treatment, rational for nanotechnology in cancer therapeutics, novel concepts of multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer therapy along with their classification and their clinical prospective in different cancers. A special focus is on the nanotechnology: regulatory perspective for drug development in cancer therapeutics. Obstacles hindering further development of nanomaterials-mediated cancer therapy are also discussed. In general, the objective of this chapter is to improve our perceptive in the design and development of nanotechnology for cancer therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

ADME:

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Ag:

Silver

Au:

Gold

BBB:

Blood–Brain Barrier

CDER:

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

CNTs:

Carbon Nanotubes

CT:

Computed Tomography

DOX:

Doxorubicin

ECM:

Extracellular Matrix

EGFR:

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

EMEA:

European Medicine Agency

EPR:

Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

Fe:

Iron

GLOBOCAN:

Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence

GNPs:

Gold Nanoparticles

HER-2:

Human Epidermal Receptor 2

IP:

Intellectual Property

MDR:

Multidrug Resistance

MMP:

Matrix Metalloproteinase

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MSNs:

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

NCE:

New Chemical Entity

NDA:

New Drug Application

nm:

Nanometers

NPs:

Nanoparticles

OX:

Oxaliplatin

PAMAMs:

Polyamidoamine Dendrimers

PEG:

Poly (Ethylene Glycol)

PTX:

Paclitaxel

RES’:

Reticuloendothelial System

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

SAR:

Structure–Activity Relationship

siRNA:

Small-Interfering Ribonucleic Acid

TME:

Tumor Microenvironment

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

WOR:

Wortmannin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Uzma Azeem Awan, Muhammad Naeem, Rida Fatima Saeed, Sara Mumtaz & Nosheen Akhtar

  2. School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Uzma Azeem Awan

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  2. Muhammad Naeem
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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Asma Saleem Qazi

  2. Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK

    Kanwal Tariq

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Awan, U.A., Naeem, M., Saeed, R.F., Mumtaz, S., Akhtar, N. (2023). Smart Nanocarrier-Based Cancer Therapeutics. In: Qazi, A.S., Tariq, K. (eds) Therapeutic Approaches in Cancer Treatment. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 185. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_11

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