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Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in pediatric patients. Although type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased in these age groups, other types of diabetes affect this population at lower incidence rates, such as monogenic diabetes, drug- or chemical-induced diabetes, and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus and increased risk of diabetes (prediabetes) are essentially the same as in adults; however, the care and management of children and adolescents with diabetes have unique aspects such as changes in insulin sensitivity due to growth and development and dependence on care and neurological susceptibility to changes in glucose. In addition, treatment should be adapted to age-related physiological changes, which must be handled and guided by a multidisciplinary team of specialists in pediatric diabetes. Family and individual management education must be provided to achieve a balance between adult supervision and independent self-care for a smooth and successful transition from pediatric to adult health care.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, results should be confirmed by repeat testing.

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Suggested Reading

  • ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018. https://www.ispad.org/page/ISPADGuidelines2018. This compendium of consensus guidelines contains updates about significant advances in scientific knowledge and clinical care for pediatric and adolescent patients with diabetes mellitus.

  • 13. Children and adolescents: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S180–S199.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    América Liliana Miranda Lora, Montserrat Espinosa Espíndola & Martha Beauregard Paz

  2. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Jorge Mario Molina Díaz

  3. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Miguel Klünder Klünder

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  1. América Liliana Miranda Lora
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    Joel Rodriguez-Saldana

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Lora, A.L.M., Espíndola, M.E., Paz, M.B., Díaz, J.M.M., Klünder, M.K. (2023). Diabetes in Children and Adolescents. In: Rodriguez-Saldana, J. (eds) The Diabetes Textbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25519-9_64

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