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The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Brain Tumors

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Circulating Tumor Cells

Part of the book series: Current Cancer Research ((CUCR))

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Abstract

Current methods of diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of brain tumors stand to be supplemented and improved by liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is the testing of molecular biomarkers found in biofluids that give insight into a pathological state. This chapter gives a brief overview of glioma diagnosis and management in the context of the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and the role of liquid biopsy in that process. Although an overview of cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells with respect to liquid biopsy is provided, this chapter focuses on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo in the context of liquid biopsy. Different EV-derived analytes including proteins, lipids, metabolites, DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are described, and a comprehensive literature review of currently characterized metabolites and their potential implications as biomarkers for gliomas is evaluated. Several of the EV analyte assays reviewed here may be ready for clinical trials and adoption into clinical workflow. Additionally, this chapter explores challenges to EV-based liquid biopsy including EV isolation and characterization. Future directions are also highlighted, such as the characterization of EV subpopulations, the utilization of EVs for drug delivery, clinical trial endpoint determination, and diagnostic and therapeutic marker discovery.

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This work is supported by grants P01 CA069246 (BSC), R01 CA239078 (BSC), R01 CA237500 (BSC, LB), and U01 CA230697 (BSC, LB). The funding sources had no role in either the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The author has not been paid to write this article. The corresponding author has full access to the manuscript and assumes final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Austin S. Gamblin, Tiffaney Hsia, S. Maheen Batool, Sirena K. Khanna, Ana Escobedo, Emil Ekanayake, Leonora Balaj & Bob S. Carter

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  1. Austin S. Gamblin
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Correspondence to Leonora Balaj .

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  1. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Richard J. Cote

  2. ACTC Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Evi Lianidou

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Gamblin, A.S. et al. (2023). The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Brain Tumors. In: Cote, R.J., Lianidou, E. (eds) Circulating Tumor Cells. Current Cancer Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22903-9_23

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