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New Materials for Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Opportunities and Challenges

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Atmospheric Water Harvesting Development and Challenges

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 122))

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Abstract

Due to the rapidly growing population, industry, and agriculture, the potable water shortage is becoming one of the global challenges of our time. Simultaneously, the atmosphere contains 12,900 km3 of moisture available everywhere, regardless of geographical location and climatic conditions. In this context, the technology of Adsorptive Water Harvesting from the atmosphere (AWHA) is considered a promising method for decentralized water supply for domestic and sanitarian purposes in arid regions. The AWHA is based on the reversible sorption of water vapor on a desiccant and heat-powered desorption of the stored water with its subsequent condensation. The sorbent is a key element of AWHA, and its properties strongly affect the system’s performance. New opportunities for AWHA might open up with the development of novel adsorbents with advanced properties. In this chapter, first, the principle and basic technical solutions of AWHA are described and the properties of the sorbent required are outlined. Then the new classes of advanced sorbents suggested for AWHA are reviewed with a special focus on Metal–Organic Frameworks and the composite sorbents based on a hygroscopic salt embedded inside a matrix, the properties of which can be tuned according to the climatic conditions of a specific region, where the process is realized. Finally, the advantages and challenges of these adsorbents are discussed and some prospects on the adsorbents promising for continuously operating and scalable AWHA systems are provided.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the governmental order for Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (project AAAA-A21-121011390006-0).

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Correspondence to L. G. Gordeeva .

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Gordeeva, L.G., Solovyeva, M.V. (2023). New Materials for Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Opportunities and Challenges. In: Fosso-Kankeu, E., Al Alili, A., Mittal, H., Mamba, B. (eds) Atmospheric Water Harvesting Development and Challenges. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 122. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21746-3_3

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