Biodegradation and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosurfactants

Balakrishnan, Sethuramalingam; Rameshkumar, Marimuthu Ragavan; Krithika, Chandrasekaran; Nivedha, Avoodaiappan; Kumar, Dakshinamurthy Thirumal; Arunagirinathan, Narasingam

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21682-4_5

Sethuramalingam Balakrishnan⁵,
Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar⁵,
Chandrasekaran Krithika⁶,
Avoodaiappan Nivedha⁶,
Dakshinamurthy Thirumal Kumar⁶ &
…
Narasingam Arunagirinathan^5,6

509 Accesses

Abstract

Biosurfactants are surface-active, amphiphilic compounds formed extracellularly as secondary metabolites by microbes, especially the bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, and Candida. Biosurfactants are composed of oligosaccharides, proteins, glycolipids, sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, and succinoyl trehalose lipids. Biosurfactant-producing microbes are used in the bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) since production of biosurfactants can enrich the development of microorganisms on the hydrophobic condition and intensification of the supplement intake of hydrophobic substrates and thus overcomes the poor accessibility to hydrocarbon contaminants. Biosurfactants are used for crude oil recovery, hydrocarbon degradation in soil and water and removal of heavy metals in soil, pharmaceutical formulations, and food industries. Apart from the environmental applications, biosurfactants are reported for antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, biosurfactants have gained more attention because of their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Surfactin is one of the essential biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis, which was reported for its cytotoxic effects against breast and colon cancers, leukemia, and hepatoma, inhibiting the development of cancer cells by arresting the regular cell function, apoptosis, and metastasis. Sophorolipids, glycolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids were found to have cytotoxicity against human pancreatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and human leukemia cells. Proliferation of both human basophilic leukemia cell line KU812 and human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 have been demonstrated to be inhibited by succinoyl trehalose lipids. It is concluded that biosurfactants exhibit promising cytotoxic activity against breast, colon, liver, and leukemia cancer cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of biosurfactants was also reported against esophageal cancer, cervix adenocarcinoma, and metastatic prostate cancer but studies conducted on this aspect are very limited. Biosurfactants could be safe and had potential to be the alternative for the synthetic anticancer drugs.

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Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Autonomous) Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Sethuramalingam Balakrishnan, Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar & Narasingam Arunagirinathan
Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chandrasekaran Krithika, Avoodaiappan Nivedha, Dakshinamurthy Thirumal Kumar & Narasingam Arunagirinathan

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Sethuramalingam Balakrishnan
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Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar
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Chandrasekaran Krithika
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Avoodaiappan Nivedha
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Dakshinamurthy Thirumal Kumar
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Narasingam Arunagirinathan
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Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Ruby Aslam
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Mohammad Mobin
Taibah University, Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia
Jeenat Aslam
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Saman Zehra

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Balakrishnan, S., Rameshkumar, M.R., Krithika, C., Nivedha, A., Kumar, D.T., Arunagirinathan, N. (2023). Biodegradation and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosurfactants. In: Aslam, R., Mobin, M., Aslam, J., Zehra, S. (eds) Advancements in Biosurfactants Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21682-4_5

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21682-4_5
Published: 26 January 2023
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Print ISBN: 978-3-031-21681-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-21682-4
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