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Role of Biosurfactants in Marine Sediment Remediation of Organic Pollutants

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Advancements in Biosurfactants Research

Abstract

The contamination of marine sediments due to pollutant accumulation is widespread in coastal regions of the world. Of major public concern are pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), crude oil, halogenated compounds, and metals with recalcitrant nature and carcinogenic potentials. These sediment-associated pollutants directly or indirectly affect the health of the exposed population, the productivity of the marine environment, the fishery industries, and global economic growth. Thus, there is a pressing need to discover sustainable and eco-compatible solutions for the remediation of contaminated marine sediments. In emergency response following the robust techno-economic requirement of the physiochemical methods, microbial/plant-based biological remediation approaches are preferable, although limited by poor solubilization of some pollutants. Hence, the increasing study on the consolidated biotechnologies of biosurfactant supplementation in remediation systems. Biosurfactants are a large number of amphipathic biomolecules with a myriad of constituents as they possess remediation-enhancing properties such as surface tension reduction, high emulsification, wettability, low critical micelle concentration, increased solubility, low toxicity, and chemical stability at extreme environmental conditions. With reference to these unique properties, this chapter focuses on the role of biosurfactants in the remediation of organic contaminated marine sediments as a target for achieving environmental sustainability of beaches, wetlands, marshes, offshores, and intertidal zones. Considering the anoxic conditions of the marine environment, we reviewed biosurfactant production under aerobic/anaerobic conditions as well as their environmental suitability properties to expand their applicability in marine sediment remediation. Moreover, application strategies of biosurfactants and the interaction mechanism underlying biosurfactant–pollutants’ complexation during remediation are discussed. We further revealed recent advances in biosurfactant-mediated remediations while providing future outlooks for developing efficient and eco-sustainable biosurfactant-based strategies in marine sediments remediation for large-scale applications.

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Correspondence to Chunfang Zhang .

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Mgbechidinma, C.L., Xie, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, G., Zhang, C. (2023). Role of Biosurfactants in Marine Sediment Remediation of Organic Pollutants. In: Aslam, R., Mobin, M., Aslam, J., Zehra, S. (eds) Advancements in Biosurfactants Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21682-4_17

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