Abstract
Although pesticides protect crops against pests and stimulate crop productivity, due to their persistence and their toxic effects on the environment and human health, a significant number of pesticides have been banned from being used and even produced. Most organic banned pesticides belong to the insecticides based on chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphorus, carbamate, triazine, organotin, and pyrazole(phenyl-) insecticide classes. Notwithstanding the harmful effects of numerous pesticides, their application in agriculture is still practiced in many regions of the world. In this framework, this chapter is a literature review focused on highlighting (i) the role in agriculture and the actually annual production of 15 banned pesticides with high persistence (lindane, dieldrin, aldrin, endosulfan, parathion and parathion-metil, tributyltin oxide, DDT, pentachlorophenol, chlordane, heptachlor, paraquat, carbofuran, fenbutatin oxide, fipronil, and atrazine), (ii) its spreading in soil, water, air, and products, (iii) its toxicity on animals and humans and its fate in the environment compartments, and (iv) the ability of microorganisms to remove these compounds from the environment. Following the analysis of databases on the production, marketing and use have been found that pesticides such as lindane, dieldrin, aldrin, endosulfan, pentachlorophenol, chlordane, and heptachlor are still produced and marketed, even if the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants impose measures to eliminate their production and use. Furthermore, these pesticides are detected in fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products, meat products, chicken eggs, and aquatic organisms, thus increasing the risks to human health. For further remediation of the contaminated environments, the potential of microorganisms to biodegrade these substances was analyzed.
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Roșca, M., Mihalache, G., Stoleru, V. (2023). Banned Pesticides with High Persistence: The Impact of Their Use in Agriculture and Their Removal by Microbial Biodegradation. In: Bhat, R.A., Butnariu, M., Dar, G.H., Hakeem, K.R. (eds) Microbial Bioremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18017-0_3
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