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The Geological Setting of the Moroccan High Atlas and Its Plate Tectonics Context

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Tectonic Evolution of the Moroccan High Atlas: A Paleomagnetic Perspective

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Abstract

In this introductory chapter we summarize the geological evolution of the atlasic domain, making reference to many (not all) of the significant previous works carried out in the area. The geological setting of the Moroccan Central High Atlas is characterized by a complex Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution that included (i) an extensional to transtensional stage during the Mesozoic, in which episodes with intense magmatic activity (forming lava flows, dykes and intrusion) and salt-driven movements took place and (ii) a compressional stage that generated well developed fold-and-thrust systems in the northern and southern basin and upright folds and tightening of previously formed structures (both extensional and diapiric) in the central part of the basin. The sedimentary sequence characteristic of the Central High Atlas is the frame for the structural observations and the magnetic techniques applied elsewhere in this book. It consists of a thick (Permo)Triassic (red beds) and Jurassic (mainly limestones and marls) syn-rift sequences reaching thickness of more than 7 km in the basin center. Facies changes in the Jurassic sequence indicate deepening conditions towards the central part of the domain. Conversely, the Cretaceous and Cenozoic materials crop out discontinuously in the studied domain. Particularly significant from the structural and geophysical points of view are the incompetent levels (mainly Upper Triassic) and the igneous rocks of Triassic and Jurassic age.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to the staff of the Université Moulay Ismail (Meknès), who gave us support during this work. This work is part of the I+D+i research projects CGL2009-10840, CGL2009-8969, CGL2012-38481, CGL2016-77560-C2 (C21 and C22) and PID2019-108753GB-C2 (C21 and C22), funded by MICIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”.

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  1. Laboratoire Bio Géosciences et Ingénieries des Matériaux, École Normale Supérieure, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P. 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco

    Bennacer Moussaid

  2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, BP, 11201, Zitoune, Meknès, Morocco

    Hmidou El-Ouardi

  3. Departamento de Ciencias de La Tierra, Geotransfer-IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Antonio M. Casas-Sainz, Andrés Pocoví, Teresa Román-Berdiel & Belén Oliva-Urcia

  4. Departamento de Física de La Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Vicente C. Ruiz-Martínez

  5. Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos, Avda. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain

    Juan J. Villalaín

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  1. Bennacer Moussaid
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Correspondence to Teresa Román-Berdiel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Zaragoza unit, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain

    Pablo Calvín

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Geotransfer Research Group (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Antonio M. Casas-Sainz

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Geotransfer Research Group (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Teresa Román-Berdiel

  4. Department of Physics, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain

    Juan J. Villalaín

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Moussaid, B. et al. (2023). The Geological Setting of the Moroccan High Atlas and Its Plate Tectonics Context. In: Calvín, P., Casas-Sainz, A.M., Román-Berdiel, T., Villalaín, J.J. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of the Moroccan High Atlas: A Paleomagnetic Perspective. Springer Geology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16693-8_1

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