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The Role of Epigenetics in Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors

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Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: From Bench to Bedside. Volume 1

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1394))

Abstract

Identification of distinct genetic and epigenetic profiles in various neuroepithelial tumors has improved the classification and uncovered novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular biomarkers for improved prediction of treatment response and outcome. Especially, in pediatric high-grade brain tumors, such as diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-altered and posterior fossa group A-ependymoma, epigenetic changes predominate, along with changes in expression of known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes induced by histone modifications and DNA methylation. The precise role of epigenetic abnormalities is important for understanding tumorigenesis and the establishment of brain tumor treatment strategies. Using powerful epigenetic-based therapies for cancer cells, the aberrantly regulated epigenome can be restored to a more normal state through epigenetic reprogramming. Combinations of agents targeting DNA methylation and/or other epigenetic modifications may be a promising cancer treatment. Therefore, the integration of multi-omics data including epigenomics is now important for classifying primary brain tumors and predicting their biological behavior. Recent advances in molecular genetics and epigenetic integrated diagnostics of brain tumors influence new strategies for targeted therapy.

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  1. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Neuroscience Research Institute, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Hye Park

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  1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Sara Hanaei

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Park, SH. (2023). The Role of Epigenetics in Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. In: Rezaei, N., Hanaei, S. (eds) Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: From Bench to Bedside. Volume 1. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1394. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_8

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